Qhov tseeb, qhov nthuav heev, txawm hais tias kev sib ntaus sib tua me me tau paub thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 28, 1943 hauv Bay of Biscay. Ob lub tebchaws Askiv thiab 11 lub nkoj German sib sau ua ke hauv kev sib cav sib cav heev.
Painting los ntawm Norman Wilkinson "Kev Sib Tw ntawm Bay of Biscay"
Ob peb lo lus hais txog cov cim.
British teeb cruisers Glasgow thiab Enterprise. "Glasgow" yog qhov tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm hom "Hauv Nroog", "Kev Lag Luam" - qhov qub qub, pib xyoo 1919 thiab nkag mus rau kev pabcuam xyoo 1926.
Glasgow Captain Charles Clarke (sab xis) thiab Senior Assistant Commander Cromwell Lloyd-Davis.
Lub teeb cruiser "Glasgow"
Lub teeb cruiser "Enterprise"
Ntawm German sab, 5 Hom 1936 destroyers thiab 6 Type 1939 destroyers tau koom nrog. Qhov tom kawg kuj tseem hu ua "Elbings" los ntawm lub npe ntawm lub nkoj uas lawv tau tsim.
Destroyer "Hom 1936"
Destroyer "Hom 1939"
Thiab tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb, vim leej twg txhua yam tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv, German blockade-breaker "Alsterufer". Thiab txawm hais tias nws koom nrog hauv peb keeb kwm ntau dua li episodic, txhua yam, qhov tseeb, tau pib nrog lub trough no.
Ob peb lo lus hais txog qhov blockade breakers. Raws li lub suab nrov no, feem ntau, cov nkoj thauj khoom zoo ib yam tau muab zais.
Tseeb, lawv tuaj ntawm cov tebchaws uas lub tebchaws Yelemes tau muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab lawv tau coj cov khoom siv raw khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau Reich: molybdenum, tungsten, roj hmab thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas tsis nyob hauv Reich.
Ib txwm, cov tub rog Askiv, uas tshaj tawm txoj kev thaiv, nce tawm ntawm nws cov tawv nqaij (ntuag rau nws tus chij) kom cov tawg no tsis mus txog ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj. Tab sis qhov no yog ib zaj dab neeg sib cais tag nrho, yog li peb yuav rov qab mus rau nws lwm lub sijhawm.
Yog li cov blockade-breakers yuav tsum tau qhia txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj peev xwm, hloov tus chij thiab cov npe txhawm rau kom ze rau lawv cov chaw nres nkoj. Thiab tom qab ntawd Kriegsmarine yuav tsum ua haujlwm, ua kom ntseeg tau cov neeg thauj khoom thauj mus rau lawv cov chaw nres nkoj raws qhov sib tham nrog cov nkoj Askiv yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws.
Thiab cov neeg Askiv, raws li, mob siab rau tshawb nrhiav cov kev thauj mus los no thiab ua rau lawv poob siab nrog kev zoo siab.
Yog li ntawd, thaum Alsterufer los ze rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Fab Kis, kev txaus siab ntawm ob tog sib cav: tus German, uas xav ua tus thauj mus rau nws tus kheej, thiab Askiv, uas xav ua kom nws poob.
Ib tus neeg saib xyuas huab cua Askiv tau nyob hauv Alsterufer thiab suav suav tau pib rau peb qhov xwm txheej. Lawm, ob tog tau xa lawv cov neeg sawv cev, Askiv taug kev ncig ntawm ob lub nkoj cruisers, thiab cov neeg German 11 tus neeg rhuav tshem thiab rhuav tshem.
Qhov tseeb, txhua tus tuaj lig. Cov dav hlau Askiv tau tswj hwm Alsterufer thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 27, 1943, thiab, hauv txoj ntsiab cai, kev siv zog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub nkoj tau poob.
Cov duab ntawm kev poob ntawm "Alsterufer"
Tab sis nyob hauv Bay of Biscay hnub ntawd muaj ob tus neeg caij nkoj thiab kaum ib tus neeg rhuav tshem thiab rhuav tshem. Thiab Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 28 tau dhau los ua hnub uas ob pawg sib ntsib tau ntsib, txawm tias qhov tseeb ntawm ib qho kev sib cais (German) tsis mob siab rau tshwj xeeb los tawm tsam, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tsis pom Alsterufer, cov neeg German tau nkag siab tias yog dab tsi thiab mus ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, hauv Bordeaux thiab Brest.
Yog li, cia peb hla cov cim.
Britannia:
Lub teeb cruiser Glasgow. 12 152-mm phom, 8 102-mm phom, 6 lub raj torpedo.
Lub teeb cruiser Enterprise. 5 152-mm phom, 3 102-mm phom, 12 torpedo tubes.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees:
Destroyer Hom 1936A. 5 phom 150 mm, 8 lub raj torpedo.
Destroyer "Hom 1939". 4 105 mm phom thiab 6 lub raj torpedo.
Kev teeb tsa riam phom yeej tsis txaus siab rau cov neeg Askiv.
24 phom 150 mm los ntawm cov neeg German tiv thaiv 17 phom 152 mm los ntawm Askiv.
24 105-mm phom rau cov neeg German piv rau 11 102-mm phom rau cov neeg Askiv.
76 German torpedoes tiv thaiv 14 Askiv.
Yog tias koj saib cov lej, Cov neeg German tau muaj lub sijhawm los tua cov neeg caij nkoj British yooj yim thiab ib txwm muaj cov torpedoes ib leeg. Thiab hais txog kev siv phom loj, qhov kom zoo dua yog me me, tab sis cov neeg German tau muaj nws.
Txawm li cas los xij, Bay of Biscay thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis tsis yog Mediterranean rau koj. Qhov no tseem yog qhov ntxeev ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic. Thiab ntawm no nws tsim nyog saib ob peb daim duab ntxiv, uas yog kev hloov chaw.
"Glasgow" (zoo li txhua yam "Southamptons") muaj tus qauv txav chaw ntawm 9,100 tons.
Kev lag luam muaj daim duab no ntawm 7,580 tons.
Hom 1936A cov neeg rhuav tshem loj dua li ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm. Txawm ze rau cov thawj coj. Thiab lawv tus qauv hloov chaw yog 3,600 tons.
Hom 1939 tus neeg rhuav tshem yog cov nkoj zoo rau chav kawm no nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm 1,300 tons.
Ntawd yog, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tam sim ntawd tias cov neeg caij nkoj hauv tebchaws Askiv tau muaj rab phom ruaj khov dua, thiab hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm dej hiav txwv lawv yeej muaj qhov zoo dua li cov nkoj German.
Torpedo nkoj T-25 thiab T-26 hauv Bay of Biscay ib hnub ua ntej lawv tuag
Thiab nws tau tshwm sim uas cov neeg ua haujlwm radar ntawm "Glasgow" thaum yav tav su (thaum 12-40, kom muaj tseeb) pom qhov sib cais ntawm cov nkoj German. Thiab hais txog 13-30 Kriegsmarine destroyers twb pom pom qhov muag lawm.
Cov neeg German tau taug kev hauv peb kab lus sawv. Sab laug suav nrog Z-23 thiab Z-27, "Hom 1936", sab xis muaj Z-32, Z-37 thiab Z-24. Thiab hauv nruab nrab yog T-22, T-23, T-24, T-25, T-26 thiab T-27, txhua yam "Hom 1939".
Nws tau tshwm sim tias kev sib ntaus sib tua yuav tsum tau tawm tsam tsuas yog Hom Loj 1936, txij li qhov kev zoo siab uas tau tshwm sim hauv tus ntug hiav txwv tsis tso cai rau cov neeg rhuav tshem me dua. Cov dej ntws hla tus yees ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem zaum qis hauv dej, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav, txawm tias pib siv phom, uas yog phau ntawv qhia ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem, tig mus ua haujlwm hnyav.
Thiab cov neeg Askiv ntawm Glasgow tseem muaj lub radar …
Siv cov ntaub ntawv radar, "Glasgow" ntawm 13-46 tau qhib hluav taws ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws los ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 10 mais. Qhov hluav taws kub tau qhia los ntawm lub hneev thiab tsis raug. Cov neeg German tau txo qhov kev ncua deb mus rau 8 mais thiab tseem qhib phom nrog rab phom, thiab Z-23 kuj tseem tau tua rau lub foob pob rau ntawm Askiv.
Cov neeg German tua tau zoo, thawj lub suab nrov poob hauv kab thiab ib nrab ntawm Glasgow. Ib qho ntxiv, xov tooj cua-qhia FW-200 Condor tus neeg saib xyuas ya mus thiab tawm tsam Glasgow, tab sis cov neeg Askiv tau tua hluav taws tiv thaiv dav hlau hnyav heev thiab cov foob pob poob los ntawm Condor tsis raug.
Feem ntau, Glasgow cov neeg ua haujlwm pom lawv tus kheej zoo thaum pib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm Condor, cov neeg Askiv tau pom lub torpedoes thiab muaj peev xwm tiv tau lawv.
Z-37 tau tua 4 lub torpedoes ntawm Lub Tuam Txhab, tab sis tus neeg tsav nkoj thib ob kuj tseem tuaj yeem tiv tau, txawm hais tias qhov no yuav tsum tawg ntawm Glasgow.
Peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov pib tseem nyob nrog cov neeg German. Lawv muaj peev xwm cais cov yeeb ncuab cruisers, thiab tus thawj coj ntawm pawg neeg rhuav tshem Erdmenger txiav txim siab faib cov nkoj ua ob pawg thiab coj cov neeg Askiv nyob hauv "pincers".
Lub tswv yim zoo, uas tsis tuaj yeem hais txog kev ua tiav.
Kev tua torpedo tsis ua haujlwm hlo li, rau qhov tsis nkag siab kiag li. Cov neeg German tau tua tsuas yog 11 lub torpedoes ntxiv rau saum kaum, thiab qhov ntawd yog txhua yam. Ntxiv mus, lub torpedoes dua hla cov nkoj Askiv.
Tom qab ntawd Erdmenger tau txiav txim siab zoo thiab muab qhov kev txiav txim kom "ntxuav tawm". Cov pab pawg sab qab teb, uas suav nrog Z-32, Z-37, Z-24, T-23, T-24 thiab T-27, tau pib ua qhov kev kov yeej rau sab hnub tuaj, thiab Erdmenger, uas tuav tus chij ntawm Z- 27, nrog rau Z-23, T-22, T-25 thiab T-26, tig mus rau sab qaum teb.
Cov neeg Askiv, ntsuas qhov xwm txheej nrog kev pab ntawm radar, ua raws pab pawg sab qaum teb. Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Glasgow, Tus Thawj Tub Rog Clarke, pw ntawm chav kawm sib luag rau cov neeg rhuav tshem thiab qhib hluav taws.
Ua ntej, qhov 152mm puag ncig tsoo pawg thawj coj, Z-27. Ntxiv mus, hauv chav boiler. Lub nkoj puas tsuaj qeeb thiab tig mus rau sab hnub poob nrog rau Z-23 npog nws.
Txij li tag nrho cov phom 150-mm ntawm pab pawg tau tawm ntawm qhov kev ua, Glasgow tau ua kom muaj kev sib tua hnyav rau kev tua neeg, uas tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam txhua yam rau lub nkoj.
Ua ntej, T-25 tau txais ob zaug los ntawm Glasgow. Ob leeg tau nkag mus rau hauv chav turbine thiab cov neeg ua kom puas tag nws txoj kev kawm. Tus thawj coj T-25 thov kom T-22 tuaj thiab tshem tawm cov neeg coob.
Tom qab ib nrab teev, T-26 kuj tau txais lub plhaub hauv chav rhaub dej. Hluav taws pib nyob ntawd thiab T-26 kuj poob nws qhov nrawm.
T-22 tau pib tua hluav taws, sim tsav Glasgow yam tsawg kawg nrog qhov ua qauv qhia no, tab sis nws tus kheej tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm pab pawg Glasgow, uas ua rau pom tseeb tias raug tua nyob rau qhov xwm txheej zoo siab. Tag nrho 6 lub torpedoes los ntawm T-22 hla Glasgow. Los ntawm txoj kev, 3 lub torpedoes kuj tau raug rho tawm ntawm T-25, tab sis nrog tib qhov tshwm sim.
Clarke tau txiav txim siab zoo, xaj kom lub tuam txhab lag luam qeeb kom ua tiav cov khoom puas tsuaj, thaum nws xa Glasgow qab Z-27.
Qhov no tau yooj yim heev los ua, hmoov zoo, Z-23 cov neeg coob tau tso tseg cov khoom puas thiab ploj mus. Tab sis lub radar "Glasgow" tau pom qhov tsis pom tseeb Z-27 thiab los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 8 kab (taw tes-khoob, yog tias nyob hauv hiav txwv) tua tus neeg tua hluav taws. Thaum 4:41 teev tsaus ntuj, ib qho ntawm cov mos txwv tsoo lub mos txwv hauv qab thiab Z-27 tau tawg thiab tsoo. Ua ke nrog nws, 220 tus neeg tuag.
Lub tuam txhab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis nkim sijhawm thiab yog thawj zaug pom T-26 tsis txav chaw. Ob lub torpedoes - thiab lub nkoj puas tsuaj rau hauv qab, nqa 96 tus neeg ua haujlwm nrog nws.
Tom qab 15 feeb, tus neeg caij nkoj tau pom tus neeg tua hluav taws thib ob, T-25, uas tseem sawv, poob nws txoj kev kawm. Los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 11 kab, Lub Tuam Txhab tau qhib hluav taws nrog phom. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm T-25 tau pib rov qab los ntawm ob rab phom 105-mm, Askiv txiav txim siab tsis koom nrog thiab xa lub nkoj mus rau hauv qab nrog lub torpedo. Tshem tawm lwm 85 tus neeg tsav nkoj German.
Tus so ntawm lub nkoj German nyab xeeb tau tawm mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Fabkis, tshwj tsis yog Z-32 thiab Z-37, uas, tom qab ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg caij nkoj Askiv tau tawm mus, rov qab los thiab pib cawm cov neeg caij nkoj los ntawm cov nkoj poob.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua rau cov neeg German ntau dua li tu siab. 1 tus neeg rhuav tshem thiab 2 tus neeg rhuav tshem tau poob, 401 tus neeg tuag. Cov neeg British poob qis dua qub: 2 tua thiab 6 raug mob los ntawm ib lub plhaub 150-mm uas tsoo lub nkoj Glasgow. Lub tuam txhab Canadian cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev poob.
Qhov tsis raug tseeb ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj German thaum tua cov torpedoes yog qhov xav tsis thoob. Yog lawm, Cov neeg Canadians los ntawm Enterprise tau raug tsoo los ntawm peb ntawm peb lub torpedoes. Yog lawm, lawv tau tua ntawm cov nkoj nyob ruaj ruaj, tab sis qhov tseeb tias cov neeg Germans tsis tau tsoo ib zaug ntawm peb lub kaum os torpedoes raug rho tawm haujlwm kuj tseem hais ntau.
Muaj kev thov rau tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov nkoj German.
Tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg ntawm German destroyers Erdmenger
Nws nyuaj hais dab tsi lub ntsiab lus nyob hauv qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig nres ntawm cruisers los ntawm kev quab yuam ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem loj xwb. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom paub qhov tseem ceeb hauv torpedoes, thiab raws li cov phom loj, cov neeg caij nkoj loj dua yog qhov zoo dua.
Xav txog tias Scharnhorst tau poob rau hauv Arctic ib hnub ua ntej qhov kev swb no, thiab qhov tseeb tsuas yog Glasgow tau tawm tsam hauv Arctic, lub dav hlau German tau txais ob lub suab nrov nrov los ntawm Askiv lub nkoj.
Thiab qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev swb hauv Bay of Biscay yog qhov kev txiav txim siab xa cov khoom tseem ceeb los ntawm tib lub tebchaws Nyij Pooj siv cov nkoj nto. Xyoo 1944, cov luag haujlwm no tau raug xa mus rau lub nkoj submarine raws li cov lus txib ntawm Karl Doenitz.
Tab sis qhov ntawd yog zaj dab neeg sib txawv kiag li.
Peb tsuas yog yuav tsum tau them peb cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub nkoj "Glasgow", uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev txheeb cais thiab suav ntawm cov yeeb ncuab lub tog raj kheej thiab torpedoes, tab sis tsuas yog ua nws txoj haujlwm.
Thiab, cia peb nco ntsoov, nws ua tau zoo heev.
