Hluav Taws ntawm Royal Tiger! Projectile tsis kam ntawm German hnyav

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Hluav Taws ntawm Royal Tiger! Projectile tsis kam ntawm German hnyav
Hluav Taws ntawm Royal Tiger! Projectile tsis kam ntawm German hnyav

Video: Hluav Taws ntawm Royal Tiger! Projectile tsis kam ntawm German hnyav

Video: Hluav Taws ntawm Royal Tiger! Projectile tsis kam ntawm German hnyav
Video: Стресс, портрет убийцы - полный документальный фильм (2008) 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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45mm txog 152mm

Hauv ntu yav dhau los ntawm koob hais txog kev lom zem ntawm "King Tiger" hauv Kubinka, nws yog hais txog kev tsim qauv thiab lub zog tua hluav taws. Nws yog qhov tig los cuam tshuam nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm German lub tsheb hnyav rau cov phom loj uas muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Nws tau txiav txim siab tua "Tsov B" los ntawm yuav luag txhua qhov ntsuas. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Soviet engineers xaiv 11 domestic thiab ntes phom:

1) Lavxias tiv thaiv lub tank 45-mm rab phom ntawm 1942 tus qauv;

2) phom tiv thaiv lub tank 57-mm ZIS-2;

3) German tank 75-mm gun KwK-42 qauv 1942;

4) cov phom loj 76-hli hauv F-34;

5) lub teb chaws 76-mm cannon ZIS-3;

6) American 76-mm cannon (pre-production self-propelled gun Gun Motor Carriage M18 or Hellcat);

7) tus kheej-propelled 85 mm rab phom D-5-S85 (SU-85);

8) German 88-mm phom PAK-43/1 qauv 1943;

9) thaj teb 100-hli rab phom BS-3;

10) 122-mm rab phom A-19;

11) tus kheej-propelled 152-mm howitzer cannon ML-20.

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Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau sib cais meej ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm hluav taws. Txhawm rau ntsuas lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm lub plhaub hoom thiab lub turret, Royal Tiger tau tsoo nrog 75-mm, 85-mm, 88-mm thiab 122-mm armor-piercing shells, nrog rau 85-mm, 88-mm thiab 122 -mm siab tawg tawg tawg zoo li. Tab sis txhawm rau txiav txim siab tus yam ntxwv zoo ntawm lub hleb thiab lub turret, lawv tau foob pob riam phom thiab cov foob pob tawg loj tawg los ntawm calibers 85 mm, 100 mm, 122 mm thiab 152 mm. Rau tib lub hom phiaj, "Royal Tiger" raug ntaus los ntawm "haiv neeg" German lub plhaub taum pauv ntawm 75 mm thiab 88 mm.

Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias lub zog qis 45 mm cov phom loj tau tshaj tawm hauv qhov kev xeem, lawv tsis koom nrog hauv kev foob pob ntawm lub tank. Feem ntau, cov neeg tua phom tau txaus siab rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm Tsov B thiab txiav txim siab tsis txhob nkim lub plhaub. 57mm lub plhaub tau tso tseg ob peb lub cim me me ntawm cov ris tsho loj, uas tseem tsis tau hais hauv cov lus tshaj tawm zaum kawg.

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Cov plhaub hauv tsev yog qhov muaj feem thib rau kev sim. Nws yog nrog lawv tias lawv tsoo lub tank hauv thawj qhov chaw, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd los ntawm rab phom German. Lawm, ua ntej tshaj plaws lawv raug rho tawm los ntawm cov ntsuas me me thiab tom qab ntawd nce mus. Ua ntej lub foob pob, cov kws tsim khoom hauv Soviet tau tsoo lub hauv paus ntawm German "miv", tshem rab phom thiab cov ciav hlau. Ua ntej pib, muaj qhov kev txiav txim siab meej kom tsis txhob sib cais qhov seem ntawm "King Tiger" - nws yuav tsum tuav lub peev xwm los rub. Ib qho ntxiv, cov kws tshuaj hlau hauv tsev yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas tas li ntawm cov khoom siv hauv German cov phom hlau, lub cev lub cev thiab cov khoom siv dag zog. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los laij cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm cov hlau phom. Raws li koj paub, qhov ntsuas kawg yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub cev. Tab sis nws zoo nkauj heev ntawm daim ntawv. Kev muaj tiag tau qhia tias txawm tias lub hauv ntej ntawm lub tank tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov khaus khaus heev thiab tau ua ntej ntxov. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no, raws li cov neeg sim, yog qhov tsis yooj yim ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab tsis muaj zog txaus. Hauv kev xaus, ib tus tuaj yeem pom qhov kev xav tsis sib xws: kev ua phom loj hauv qhov kev zov me nyuam tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav vim qhov me me ntawm lub tank cov phom phom. Yog tias cov neeg tua phom loj tsis muaj qhov kev xav tau txaus ntawm cov neeg loj heev hauv German, tom qab ntawd cov lus nug yuav tsum raug nug rau cov tsim tawm ntawm qhov kev xeem.

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Thaum kawg, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev sim Tiger B qhov projectile tsis kam yog kev sib piv ncaj qha nrog lub hom phiaj uas tau ntsib dhau los 701, uas tom qab dhau los ua qhov hnyav IS-4. Txawm li cas los xij, saib ua ntej, cia peb hais tias hauv qhov kev xeem ntsuas ntawm "Royal Tiger" tsis muaj kev sib piv nrog lub tshuab Soviet. Feem ntau yuav, "Lub Hom Phiaj 701" yog qhov zoo tshaj rau lub tank German hais txog kev xaj uas tsis tas yuav xav tau cov ntaub ntawv cais.

Tus "huab tais ntawm tsiaj nyaum" tuag

Hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom luv luv los ntawm Armor Institute tus kws tshaj lij, nws tau hais tias cov phaj hlau ntawm lub hull yog ua los ntawm cov hlau ua hlau, kho cua sov rau nruab nrab thiab tsis muaj zog. Raws li cov txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm lub tank, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nrog tuab ntawm 80-190 mm muaj Brinell hardness ntawm 269-241, thiab tuab ntawm 40-80 mm-321-286. Kev sib kis zoo li no tau piav qhia los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov tawv ntawm sab nrauv thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm cov phaj phom. Txhua daim hlau thaiv ntawm lub tank hneev yog tiaj tus, qhov kev sib txuas yog nqa tawm siv cov ntsia hlau thiab ob tog vuam siv cov tshuab txiav. Tus pej thuam, nrog rau kev zam ntawm ob sab, tseem tau welded los ntawm cov ntawv tiaj tus siv spikes, sab nrauv gougeons thiab cov tshuab txiav ua ntej vuam. Hais txog tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv yog chromium -nickel steel thiab muaj: C - 0, 34–0, 38%, Mn - 0, 58–0, 70%, Si - 0, 17–0, 36%, Cr - 2, 05 –2, 24%, Ni - 1, 17–1, 30%, Mo - tsis tuaj, V - 0, 10–0, 16%, P - 0, 014–0, 025%thiab S 0, 014–0, 025%. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov cuab yeej ntawm "King Tiger" zoo kawg nkaus qhia txog lub xeev txoj haujlwm hauv kev lag luam German thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Molybdenum tau ploj mus tag nrho los ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog thaum Lub Rau Hli 1944, thiab vanadium tseem nyob hauv qhov seem. Qee qhov teeb meem kuj tseem muaj cov npib tsib xee, uas cov neeg German tawm mus txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog tsuas yog hauv daim hlau thaiv nrog cov tuab ntawm 125-160 mm thiab 165-200 mm. Tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb nrog chrome, cov neeg German tau ua siab dawb ntxiv Tiger B rau cov cuab yeej ua rog - nws tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau tank.

Cov kws tshaj lij pov tseg qhov chaw pov tseg tsis hais dab tsi zoo txog qhov cuab yeej ntawm King's Tiger. Nws qhov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo dua li qhov khoom plig "Tigers" thiab "Panthers" ntawm thawj xyoo ntawm kev tso tawm. Nws tsis meej vim li cas nws thiaj tsim nyog los tsim lub tank hnyav li no, yog tias cov neeg German twb muaj Ferdinand ntawm kev tiv thaiv zoo sib xws nrog tib rab phom loj. Tshwj tsis yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov pej thuam uas tig …

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Txawm hais tias tau npaj ua ntej, ua ntej tshaj plaws, Tsov B tau tsoo lub foob pob tawg loj tawg los ntawm rab phom 122-mm A-19 mus rau hauv phaj pem hauv ntej. Qhov kev ncua deb yog 100 metres, tab sis cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsis tawg. Qhov tseeb, qhov no tsis xav tau. Kev piav qhia ntawm kev swb los ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm:

Cais cov snatches hlau ntawm thaj tsam 300x300 mm. Nthuav cov hlua txuas ntawm lub phaj pem hauv ntej sab saud thiab lub npog ntsej muag ntawm pob npog ntawm ¾ ntawm lub voj voog. Cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj ntawm lub pob tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm sab hauv. Qhov tshwm sim tawg tawg ua rau tawg ntawm qhov txuas ntawm sab hnub qub thiab sab phaj saum toj mus rau qhov ntev ntawm 300 hli, tom qab ntawd sab hnub qub pib txav 5 hli mus rau sab xis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov hlua txuas ntawm sab xis ntawm daim ntawv sab saud sab saud tawg tag nrho ib puag ncig thiab cov npog npog npog ntawm sab hnub qub pib tawg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nplaim taws uas tau dhau los ntawm lub qhov hauv lub pob ua rau muaj hluav taws hauv lub tank."

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Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj thib ob tau tsoo "King Tiger" los ntawm cov riam phom zoo ib yam, tab sis nrog rab phom taub hau taub hau-rab phom nrog qhov txo qis ntawm rab phom thiab nrog thaj tsam ntawm 2, 7 km. Qhov nrawm ua ntej tsoo cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv yog me ntsis ntau dua 640 m / s, qhov projectile, tawm hauv cov hniav nrog qhov tob ntawm 60 hli, nplua nuj. Qhov thib peb, lawv tau siv tib lub foob pob los ntawm qhov deb li 500 metres thiab nrog tus qauv them tus nqi phom. Ntsiab lus:

Dent 310x310 mm loj, 100 mm tob. Ntawm sab nraub qaum, ib rab phom me me uas muaj qhov loj ntawm 160x170 mm, qhov tob ntawm 50 mm. Tua cov kab sib txuas ntawm daim ntawv pem hauv ntej sab saud thiab lub ru tsev ntawm lub hull mus rau qhov ntev tag nrho. Tag nrho cov nqaws nruab nrab ntawm daim hlau sab saud thiab qis dua tau tawg. Tus neeg tsav tsheb saib lub cuab yeej tawg. Lub plhaub tawg.

Muaj kev puas tsuaj me me, rab phom tau thim rov qab ib puas metres thiab lwm qhov raug tua ntawm Tsov B lub hauv pliaj. Tsuas yog lub sijhawm no lawv tau siv lub taub hau ntse-rab phom-tho qhov projectile. Nws ua tsis tau tiav tsoo thaj tsam ntawm cov cuab yeej ua kom tsis muaj zog los ntawm qhov projectile yav dhau los thiab ua rau nws hla. Qhov kev xeem tsis suav nrog thiab lub sijhawm tom ntej lawv tsom mus rau kev sib koom ntawm cov phaj pem hauv ntej. Lub plhaub zoo ib yam, tab sis qhov ntau tau nce mus txog 700 meters. Lub taub hau ntse 122mm puag ncig tsis thawb tus Vaj Ntxwv tus Tsov lub hauv pliaj, tab sis ua rau tawg tawg thiab tsim qhov tawg 150 hli. Lub hom phiaj thib ob yog phaj pem hauv ntej. Cov ntaub ntawv xub thawj: 122-mm, blunt-head armor-piercing, nrug 2.5 km. Cov txiaj ntsig:

Hniav 290x130 mm loj, 60 mm tob. Sab nraub qaum muaj qhov thaws nrog kua muag. Tua cov hlua ntawm txoj pos uas zoo nyob ib puag ncig.

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Hluav Taws ntawm Royal Tiger! Projectile tsis kam ntawm German hnyav
Hluav Taws ntawm Royal Tiger! Projectile tsis kam ntawm German hnyav

Thaum tau npaj av rau qhov ntsuas loj dua, 152-hli rab phom-tho qhov projectile tau tsoo rau ntawm cov phaj pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hull. Ua ntej, taw tes-khoob ntawm 100 metres nyob rau sab saud sab saud. Tsis muaj qhov nkag mus tau sau tseg, tab sis 10 mm siab ua rau sab nraub qaum, ntxiv rau ob qho tawg 500 thiab 400 mm ntev. Los ntawm kev lig kev cai, kev sib khi ntawm daim ntawv pem hauv ntej sab saud thiab lub log log sab laug tau tawg. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias 152-hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tau tsoo rau ntawm ib sab tsis muaj zog yav dhau los, uas tsis yog txhua lub nqaws twb zoo lawm. Thaum kawg, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub plhaub los ntawm ML-20 cannon-howitzer tshuav qhov kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov phaj pem hauv ntej. Cov neeg siv phom loj tsis tso lub tank thiab tsoo los ntawm 100 metres. Cov txiaj ntsig:

Qhov: qhov nkag - 260x175 mm, qhov hluav taws xob 85x160 mm, qhov 130x80 mm. Kev so nrog qhov ntev ntawm 320x190 m. Qhov tawg ntawm cov cuab yeej yog qhuav crystalline. Los ntawm kev tawg 300, 280 thiab 400 mm ntev. Ntawm tus pos ntoo sab laug, ib lub seam tau tawg tag nrho ib puag ncig.

Cov seem ntawm kev puas tsuaj 152-hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub plhaub tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov ntswg ntawm King Tiger. Nws yog qhov tig ntawm lub foob pob tawg loj tawg los ntawm tib rab phom. Lawv kuj raug ntaus nyob ze ze ntawm 100 metres. Lawv tsoo lub pob phom tshuab rab phom, tsoo lub nraub qaum thiab nraub qaum 210-mm tawg hauv cov cuab yeej ua rog.

Los ntawm lub sijhawm nws tau tig ntawm 100-mm BS-3 rab phom, Tsov -B lub hauv pliaj yog qhov pom tsis zoo: cov cuab yeej tau tawg, cov nqaws tau tawg, thiab cov ntawv lawv tus kheej tau riddled nrog cov hniav. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tsheb German tau ua haujlwm nrog 100-mm cov cuab yeej phom-phom nrog cov nqi sib txawv ntawm rab phom thiab los ntawm qhov sib txawv. Cov phom loj tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv los ntawm kev nyob ze (lossis ua rau muaj spalling loj los ntawm sab nraub qaum). Los ntawm qhov kev txhaj tshuaj zaum thib 19 ntawm lub tank, lub foob pob 100-mm tsoo lub qhov los ntawm lub plhaub dhau los, thiab nrog qhov kev txhaj tshuaj thib 20 nyob rau sab qis hauv ntej, cov neeg tua phom tau tso lub qhov ntev 1300 mm. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub tank tau nrawm zuj zus, nws zoo li kev tawm tsam ntxiv tsis muaj kev nkag siab. Tab sis "Tsov B" raug ntaus los ntawm "haiv neeg" 88-mm PAK-43/1. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm txog qhov teeb meem no hais tias:

Cov hniav loj 360 x 130 hli, qhov tob 90 hli. Nyob rau sab nraub qaum, cov cuab yeej ua rog hnyav 510x160 mm loj, tuab 93 mm. 1700 mm ntev tawg tau tsim los ntawm qhov txhab uas twb muaj lawm.

Cov phom zoo ib yam los ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 400 metres nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rab phom los ntawm lub turret ntawm lub tank!

Lub 75-mm sub-caliber projectile ntawm KwK-42 rab phom twb tau sim nrhiav qhov chaw nyob nyob hauv cov cuab yeej riddled ntawm sab xub ntiag ntawm "Royal Tiger" hull. Thiab kuv pom: los ntawm 100 metres kuv poob hauv qab lub pob pob, tsuas yog khoov thiab ua kom cov kis tawg ntau ntxiv raws cov cuab yeej ua rog. Cov txiaj ntsig nkag mus ntawm 85-mm projectile ntawm D-5-S84 rab phom raws li ib feem ntawm SU-85 tus kheej-rab phom tau raug tshawb xyuas. Tsis muaj txiaj ntsig: daim ntawv sab saud sab saud tsis raug khawb ntawm 300 metres. Qhov tshwm sim zoo ib yam nrog rab phom S-53.

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Cov neeg ntsuas ntawm 32nd rov qab mus rau rab phom 122-mm, tab sis lawv tau tsoo lub turret. Tom qab ob peb qhov tsis paub txog, lub plhaub ntawm 2500 meters tsoo ob lub hauv pliaj ntawm tus pej thuam thiab nws lub ru tsev, tawm ntau qhov tawg thoob plaws hauv cov qauv. Tab sis los ntawm 3.4 km, cov mos txwv-taub hau tsis tuaj yeem tsoo lub hauv pliaj ntawm tus pej thuam-nws tsuas yog 90-mm hniav thiab tawg. Tej zaum vim yog txo tus nqi ntawm rab phom hauv rooj plaub.

Cov lus pom zoo rau kev ua kom puas tsuaj ntawm "King Tiger" lub taub hau yog cov hauv qab no:

Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua ntawm lub hauv ntej ntawm Tsov B lub tank yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab ua ke ntawm lub roj teeb (3-4 rab phom) los ntawm cov phom loj ntawm 100, 122 thiab 152-mm caliber ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 txog 1000 meters.

Ntawd yog, hauv lwm lo lus, nws zoo dua tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv ntej ntawm lub tank German hnyav txhua. Tsuas yog los ntawm flanks lossis txawm tias los ntawm lub hauv paus.

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Cov tub rog Soviet sim cov phom loj ua rau lub ntsej muag ua tiav ntau dua li hull lub hauv pliaj. Cov phom loj 85-mm tau ntsaws rau sab ntsug ntawm 1350 metres, thiab sab inclined los ntawm 800 meters. Cov phom 76-hli ntawm Hellcat rab phom nws tus kheej tau ua pov thawj zoo heev, uas tau hle lub kaum sab xis ntawm 1.5 kilometers. Thiab los ntawm 2000 metres, "Asmeskas" tau hle lub tsho tiv thaiv ntawm "Royal Tiger" hauv thaj chaw thaiv kab. Cov riam phom txawv teb chaws tau pom meej meej zoo dua hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev 85-hli rab phom. ZIS-3 rab phom loj ntawm lub peev xwm 76, 2 hli tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau sab ntawm lub tank hnyav txawm tias los ntawm 100 meters. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kawm tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm ob sab ntawm lub hull thiab turret ntawm "Royal Tiger" yog qhov xaus tias lawv tau sib txawv los ntawm lub zog tsis sib luag ntse hauv kev sib piv nrog cov hauv ntej thiab muaj kev phom sij tshaj plaws. Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no los ua cov lus qhia rau kev nqis tes ua rau cov nkoj thauj khoom hauv tsev thiab tiv thaiv cov nkoj loj.

Pom zoo: