Kev ua tsis zoo ntawm Teutonic hlau. Lub tswv yim ntawm Soviet engineers hauv 1942

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Kev ua tsis zoo ntawm Teutonic hlau. Lub tswv yim ntawm Soviet engineers hauv 1942
Kev ua tsis zoo ntawm Teutonic hlau. Lub tswv yim ntawm Soviet engineers hauv 1942

Video: Kev ua tsis zoo ntawm Teutonic hlau. Lub tswv yim ntawm Soviet engineers hauv 1942

Video: Kev ua tsis zoo ntawm Teutonic hlau. Lub tswv yim ntawm Soviet engineers hauv 1942
Video: 6 Nqi Lus Qhia Kev Ua neej ( leej twg mloog lub neej yuav zoo tuaj) 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Lub subtleties ntawm German booking

Nyob rau yav dhau los ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm German cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsheb hauv Sverdlovsk xyoo 1942, cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tank tau tham.

Hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm, Cov kws hlau hlau hauv tebchaws Soviet tau sau tseg tias lub zog loj ntawm cov hlau German vim yog cov feem ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau. Qhov no, ntawm lwm yam, muab cov cuab yeej ua kom tsis muaj zog ntau ntxiv, uas cov kws ntsuas tau ntsib thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas hluav taws.

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Cov yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yaj kiab tau qhuas heev rau lawv ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom huv ntawm cov hlau nplaum uas tau txais.

Hauv feem ntau ntawm cov qauv, cov ntsiab lus leej faj tsis tshaj 0.006–0.015%, thiab cov ntsiab lus phosphorus tsis tshaj 0.007–0.020%. Hmoov tsis zoo, Cov kws hlau hlau hauv Soviet tsis ib txwm ua tiav hauv kev tshem tawm cov teeb meem tsis zoo hauv txoj hauv kev no. Yog li, hauv Nizhny Tagil hauv kev tsim cov tank hauv thawj peb lub hlis xyoo 1942, cov ntsiab lus phosphorus nruab nrab hauv cov cuab yeej yog 0, 029%, thiab tsuas yog hauv peb lub hlis twg nws tau faib rau 0, 024%.

Ntawm qhov txaus siab ntau yog qib ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau German, uas muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li cov khoom siv hauv qhov ntsuas no.

Piv txwv li, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv mos txwv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam uas muaj tuab txog 20 hli muaj ntau dua 2% npib tsib xee hauv silicon-chromium-nickel hlau, txog li 0.45% hauv silicon-chromium-molybdenum hlau, txog 0.45% hauv silicon-chromium -nickel-molybdenum hlau, kwv yees li 3% hauv silicon-chromium-nickel-molybdenum hlau., 5% thiab molybdenum-0.3%, hauv chromium-molybdenum-vanadium hlau-molybdenum yog li 0.5%.

Rau cov khoom tiv thaiv mos txwv ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv tsev (qib 1-P, 2-P, thiab lwm yam) ntawm cov tuab tuab, cov hlau uas tsis tshua muaj kev sib xyaw nrog molybdenum thiab npib tsib xee. Thiab feem ntau lawv ua yam tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw txhua.

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TsNII-48 cov kws tshaj lij koom nrog hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv qhia tias kev lag luam hauv tsev tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi los kawm los ntawm cov tsheb German. Yooj yim hais, txhua tus neeg dag tuaj yeem ua tiav cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv siab dhau los ntawm kev siv dav ntawm cov npib tsib xee tsawg thiab molybdenum.

Sim ua tib qho kev dag ntxias yam tsis siv cov hlau kim - los ntawm kev kho lub voj voog ntau lawm ntawm kev zom, dov, tua thiab ua kom sov.

Hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, rau kev lag luam hauv Soviet, qhov no yog kev ntsuas yuam - muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau. Thiab cov neeg German, tau kov yeej yuav luag tag nrho cov tebchaws Europe los ntawm xyoo 1941, tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm ua siab zoo nphoo cov ris tsho tiv thaiv nrog cov khoom sib xyaw.

Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlau hauv kev kawm yog German chromium-molybdenum-vanadium 20-40 mm projectile armor. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov piv txwv no tau qhia txog qib kev sib xyaw zoo ib yam li cov cuab yeej siv hauv tsev.

Txuas ntxiv kev tshawb fawb lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv German, cov kws tsim khoom hauv Sverdlovsk tsis pom muaj cov qauv meej ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw thiab tuab.

Nco qab tias cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv qab no tau koom nrog hauv qhov kev xeem-TI, T-IA, T-II, ob T-IIIs nrog cov phom sib txawv, flamethrower Flammpanzer II Flamingo, Pz. Kpfw.38, StuG III Ausf. C / D (tsis xav tau) "Artsturm") Thiab, raws li kev faib tawm Lavxias xyoo 1942, hnyav T-IV.

Yog tias peb siv ntau qhov piv txwv ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nrog tuab txog li 15 hli los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam sib txawv, nws hloov tawm tias rau qee qhov ntawm lawv qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw yuav haum rau tus qauv, thiab rau qee qhov, npib tsib xee yuav ploj mus rau 3.5%. Cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm TsNII-48 qhia tias:

"Kev siv cov hlau sib txawv thiab feem ntau yog cov hlau sib npaug rau cov tuab thiab hom ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog feem ntau yuav yog los ntawm kev siv los ntawm cov neeg German tsis yog tsuas yog cov hlau ua hlau qib ntawm lawv cov khoom, tab sis kuj yog cov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog uas raug ntes nyob hauv cov tebchaws nyob."

Hauv kev tshuaj xyuas

Tus yam ntxwv tom ntej ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv German yog nws qhov tsos - qhov tawg, raws li ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Me ntsis ntawm kev xav hauv daim ntawv yooj yim heev.

Yog tias cov qauv hlau uas muaj fiber ntau tau pom ntawm qhov tawg, tom qab ntawd qhov zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm siab, thiab nws khov heev. Tab sis yog tias muaj thaj chaw crystalline lossis pob khaus khaus, tom qab ntawv qhov no yog ib qho cim ntawm kev tsim khoom tag nrho tsis xws luag.

Piv txwv li, T-IV cov cuab yeej tsis zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev txheeb xyuas kev tawg. Nrog tib cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tuab, qhov tawg ntawm qee qhov yog qhov ua tau zoo (thiab feem ntau zoo heev nrog cov pob txha tawg), thaum nyob hauv lwm qhov piv txwv zoo sib xws qhov tawg yog ntawm daim ntawv tsis muaj duab zoo nkauj.

Muaj kev sib yuav nyuaj ntawm German tus kws ua hlau. Tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem tham txog kev ua txhaum xws li hais txog lub system - tom qab tag nrho, qhov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom plig los ntawm cov kws tsim khoom hauv Soviet tau me me.

Hauv kev ncaj ncees, txuas nrog kev tawm tsam sai ntawm cov neeg German nyob rau xyoo 1941, qhov zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hauv tsev hais txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tawg kuj tseem poob qis.

Piv txwv li, rau KV tso tsheb hlau luam, Tib Neeg Txoj Cai Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv nyob rau thawj rau lub hlis ntawm kev ua tsov rog tso cai rau thaj chaw muaj kuab paug thiab ua pob ua pob tawm ntawm qhov tawg hauv cov cuab yeej ua rog. Yav dhau los, tus qauv tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov pob txha tawg. Dua li qhov no, cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Armored Institute tau sau hauv lawv cov lus xaus uas

qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom hull yog qis dua rau cov neeg German dua li hauv USSR. Cov piv txwv hauv kev tshawb fawb tau ploj ib feem nrog qhov ua rau tawg pob zeb thiab ntau yam nyob hauv qhov ua tau zoo.

Cov neeg German feem ntau siv cov cuab yeej ua homogeneous ntawm qhov nyuaj.

Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv-tawv hlau, nyuaj rau kev tsim khoom, tau nyob hauv qhov tsis txaus thiab tau siv los tiv thaiv ob sab hauv ntej ntawm lub hull thiab lub turret.

Xeem los ntawm hluav taws

Kev tua phom ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav los ntawm rab phom tshuab hnyav, phom tiv thaiv lub tank thiab rab phom pom tias qhov zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv German tsis txaus siab.

Kev tshuaj xyuas tau ua tiav raws li Kev Qhia Tshwj Xeeb rau Armor for Tank tau txais yuav hauv USSR. Cov lus thov hauv German cov hlau tau ua raws li hauv qab no - siab tawv thiab muaj lub siab nyiam tsim cov kab tawg, sib cais los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub plhaub thiab qhov pom ntawm spalling los ntawm lub nraub qaum.

Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv mos txwv hnyav tau zoo heev dhau los ntawm 12, 7-mm cov mos txwv hauv tsev los ntawm DK (Degtyarev Krupnokaliberny). Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov hluav taws kub hnyiab ntev, thaum tawg ntawm 40-50 mm loj tau tsim ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov pom tau qhuav heev, nplua-crystalline pob txha tawg, feem ntau txawm tias muaj cov hlau tsis zoo.

Lawv kuj tau tua ntawm lub tank tso tawm ntawm thaj tsam ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank 14, 5-mm B-32 mos txwv. Qhov xaus - rab phom yog lub cuab yeej muaj zog heev rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub teeb German cov tsheb tiv thaiv.

Me ntsis txog qhov tsis muaj zog thiab muaj zog ntawm German cov tsheb tiv thaiv ntawm qhov loj dua. Lub hauv pliaj ntawm qhov ntes Pz. Kpfw.38 tsis nkag mus txog li 45 hli lub plhaub, thiab DK lub tshuab rab phom tsuas tuaj yeem nqa lub tank tom qab. Lub cua daj cua dub tiag tiag ntawm lub tshuab Czechoslovak yog lub peev xwm 76 -mm - swb los ntawm txhua lub kaum ntse ntse.

Tsis yog cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws tau pom ntawm qhov ntes T-III. Yog tias rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank 45-hli hauv lub tebchaws tau hle lub tsho tiv thaiv hla thiab dhau los, tom qab ntawd ua rau txog 3 lub phom loj uas tsim los rau sab nraub qaum. Cov kab nrib pleb kuj tau tsim, faib cov khoom ua tej daim. Tab sis T-III tseem yuav tsum tau txhawm nrog lub peev xwm ntawd.

Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias lub tsheb muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo txaus tiv thaiv phom 37-mm thiab 45-mm ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm 25-45º. Qhov tseeb, T-III lub hull sab, sab thiab sab nraub qaum yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau cov phom no. 76-hli hla lub tank German hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej.

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Qhov "hnyav" T-IV tshuav cov kev xav hauv qab no:

Lub tank muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo txaus tiv thaiv 37-mm projectile, uas muab lub peev xwm rau kev ntseeg ruaj khov txav hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm 0-30º. Tsis pub dhau cov kev txwv no ntawm cov ces kaum, lub tank cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv tiv thaiv 37-mm zoo li txawm tias qhov kev ncua deb tshaj plaws.

Txhua sab thiab sab tawv yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau 37-mm zoo li. Qhov tsis yooj yim tshaj plaws yog qhov tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm sab hull thiab sab nraub qaum sab nraub qaum.

Kev tiv thaiv lub tank los ntawm 45-mm zoo li tsis txaus siab, txij li qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub hull sab ua rau lub tank tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev ntseeg ruaj khov txav mus los ntawm hluav taws los ntawm 45-mm rab phom ntawm hneev, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov ces kaum.

Kev tiv thaiv lub tank los ntawm 76-mm projectile yog qhov tsis txaus siab kiag li, vim tias txawm tias nws lub hauv ntej tau nkag los ntawm qhov projectile ntawm 45º lub kaum ntse ntse los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1100 m, thiab tib lub sijhawm, txawm tias me ntsis qis dua lub kaum ntse ntse, lub tank twb nthuav tawm thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv nyob hauv qhov hluav taws kub.

Thaum kawg, hais txog rab phom "Artshturm" tus kheej lub tswv yim, lub tswv yim uas zoo li cov kws kho tshuab Soviet nyiam tshaj plaws.

Kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv 37-mm thiab 45-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm 0-40º.

Los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1100 metres, 76-mm Lavxias rab phom nkag mus rau StuG III Ausf. C / D ntawm chav kawm ntawm 15º.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, TsNII-48 cov kws tshaj lij tau qhia rau cov kws tshaj lij tsim qauv los teeb tsa lub tank uas tsis tau xav txog yav dhau los.

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