Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2021, kev tshaj tawm xov xwm hauv tebchaws Ukrainian hu ua "Pitfalls of T-64 Modernization" tau tshaj tawm hauv YouTube, uas Sergei Zgurets, tus kws tshaj lij fennel uas tau tsa los ntawm Western cov nyiaj pab, qhia tias nws nkag siab me ntsis txog thev naus laus zis. Thiab ntau dua li hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam.
Cov ntawv zais cia ntawm Ukraine
Tus kiv cua mob siab rau ntawm kev thuam ntawm Ukromov "tsis lees paub" rau lus Lavxias thiab hauv cov vis dis aus no nws tshaj tawm hauv qhov zoo thiab muaj zog. Nrog rau qhov tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, nws tham txog "kev tsim lub tank loj" lub zog Ukraine nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv mus sij hawm ntev ntawm kev tsim lub tank thiab yuav ua li cas nws npaj yuav hloov kho nws cov tso tsheb hlau luam.
Kev tawm tsam tam sim ntawd yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees uas nws tau tshaj tawm xov xwm hais txog Ukrainian lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub tank tank, liam tias tsim lub ntiaj teb zoo tshaj T-34, T-64 thiab qee yam ntawm super-zais tank "Nota" (txog "Nota" me ntsis hauv qab no).
T-34 thiab T-64 tso tsheb hlau luam yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb ib zaug. Tab sis lub xeev yug me nyuam no ua dab tsi rau lawv?
Cov tso tsheb hlau luam no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm Soviet lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub tank tank, uas tau nyob hauv Kharkov thaum lub sijhawm tsis muaj Ukraine, thiab ntau dua li tsis muaj "zoo ukrov" txawm tias pom.
Kuv ib txwm muaj kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tsev no, uas kuv ib zaug muaj lub meej mom los koom nrog.
Koj tau ua tiav nrog qhov kev saib tsis zoo tshaj plaws rau cov yug tshiab fennel uas tau sim ua tsis ncaj ncees thiab tsis tsim nyog hais txog lawv tus kheej qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm lwm tus neeg lub tsev kawm ntawv. Thiab tshaj tawm tias muaj nyob ntawm qee qhov kev xav tias "Ukrainian" lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub tank tank, uas yog bluff. Yog tias lawv tuaj yeem tsim qee yam muaj txiaj ntsig hauv Ukraine tom qab 1991, tom qab ntawd nws yuav tuaj yeem tham txog lawv qhov xav tias "tsev kawm ntawv".
Cov vis dis aus qhia T-64 tso tsheb hlau luam nyob hauv qab daim ntawv sib koom tes, uas rau kuv tsuas yog "khaub ncaws daj thiab xiav" thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv. Uas yog qhov sib npaug ua tiav rau cov chij fascist hla lub tank Soviet thaum Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic.
Ukraine tsis tau tsim nws cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntev.
Tag nrho cov tso tsheb hlau luam uas nws muaj hauv kev pabcuam tau tsim hauv tebchaws Soviet. Thiab nws tsuas yog siv lawv.
Hauv 90s, Ukraine tau muab ib pawg T-80UD (T-84) tso tsheb hlau luam tsim tawm hauv Soviet Union raws li kev cog lus Pakistani. Tom qab ntawd, nrog qhov nyuaj, nws tau paub txog kev xa ob peb lub kaum os Oplot tso tsheb hlau luam rau Thaib teb (hloov kho tshiab ntawm T-80UD). Thiab ua txog ob lub kaum os khoos kas T-80UD rau Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm Ukraine.
Qhov no yog qhov kawg ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam tank Ukrainian tau txais los ntawm USSR.
Tam sim no peb tsuas tuaj yeem tham txog kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam, uas muaj txog ib thiab ib nrab txhiab sab laug hauv Ukraine. Cov no yog T-64A (1968) thiab T-64B (1973) tso tsheb hlau luam.
Tsis muaj T-80UD tso tsheb hlau luam (1984) hauv Ukraine.
Kwv yees li 700 lub tso tsheb hlau luam tsim nyob rau xyoo 1984-1991 tseem nyob hauv Russia. Thiab tam sim no nyob rau hauv cia. Qhov kawg ntawm T-80UD hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 43 daim tau xa tawm vim yog daim ntawv cog lus Pakistani.
Kuj tseem tsis muaj lub tank Oplot nyob ntawd. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub tank, uas Ukraine tau ua tiav xa mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, tsis tuaj yeem tawm hauv kev cob qhia ntawm lawv cov nroj tsuag txij li xyoo 2012 vim yog kev ua tiav ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Los ntawm cov nkoj uas muaj tam sim no, cov no feem ntau yog T-64B.
Txog rau xyoo 1973, tsis muaj T-64As ntau lawm. Thiab lawv tau tawg mus rau txhua lub nroog tub rog.
Txawm li cas los xij, Zgurets (tawm ntawm kev xav tsis thoob) lees paub feem ntau yog hais txog kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm T-64A.
Hauv kev sib tham nrog nws, yav dhau los tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm KMDB Bogach lub hom phiaj thiab kev txawj ntse piav qhia nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia nws muaj peev xwm hloov kho cov tso tsheb hlau luam uas twb muaj lawm, zam Zgurts cov lus nug ua phem.
Kev nplua nuj nthuav tawm cov kev xaiv rau kev txhim kho cov tso tsheb hlau luam raws li kev tiv thaiv, kev txav mus los thiab lub zog tua hluav taws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws ua rau muaj kev txwv cuam tshuam nrog lub peev xwm ntawm lub chassis thiab qhov tso cai hnyav ntawm lub tank mus txog 46 tons.
Ntawm kev tiv thaiv - qhov no yog kev ua tiav ntawm qhov ua tiav kawg hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo. Tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev xaiv tau.
Qhov kev xaiv nthuav tshaj plaws niaj hnub tuaj yeem yog nyob rau hauv kev coj ua kom muaj kev txav mus los thiab lub zog tua hluav taws. Thiab kuv xav nyob ntawm qhov no kom ntxaws. (Qhov twg tsis suav nrog hauv daim vis dis aus no).
Ib qho ntxiv, peb yuav sim sib piv lub peev xwm ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau hloov kho tshiab los ntawm Ukraine nrog lub peev xwm ntawm Lavxias tso tsheb hlau luam, uas muaj ib qho hauv paus - lub tank T -64.
Modernization ntawm fais fab nroj tsuag
Kev nce hauv kev txav mus los ntawm lub tank feem ntau yog nce hauv lub cav fais fab.
T-64A thiab T-64B tso tsheb hlau luam tau nruab nrog 5TDF lub cav nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 700 hp. Muaj ob txoj kev xaiv - teeb tsa lub cav 5TDFM nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 850 hp. lossis 6TD-1 lub cav nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 1,000 hp.
Tsis muaj teeb meem txuj ci ntawm no. Lub cav 5TDFM tau tsim thiab sim ua ib feem ntawm lub tank rov qab rau hauv 80s. Thiab lub 6TD-1 lub cav tau sim ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv tso tsheb hlau luam 476 "Birch" rov qab rau xyoo 1976. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov pauv zoo li lub zog cog rau T-80UD (1984).
Kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm lub tshuab fais fab yuav txiav txim siab los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag los tsim cov tshuab xav tau. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hauv kev zoo no tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm kev lag luam hauv Ukraine.
Yuav ua li cas npaum li cas tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob hauv tebchaws Ukrainian piv rau lawv tus yam ntxwv nrog Lavxias?
T-72 tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov kho tau nruab nrog lub cav V-46 nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 780 hp. nrog Ntawm T-72B (1984), V-84 lub cav nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 840 hp. nrog S T -72B3 (2011) - V92S2 cav nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 1,000 hp. nrog Thiab ntawm T-72B3 (2014) thiab T-72B3M (2018)-lub cav V92S2F nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 1,130 hp. nrog
Ntawd yog, kev teeb tsa ntawm T-64 ntawm 6TD-1 lub cav nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 1,000 litres. nrog yuav tso cai rau lub tshuab fais fab mus txog qib T-72B3 (2011). Thiab yav tom ntej, mus rau 6TD-2 lub cav nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 1,200 litres. nrog
Puas yog kev hloov kho tshiab no?
Tsis ntseeg. Txij li thaum nws ua tiav nws yog qhov tsim nyog los rov tsim khoom thiab muab cov peev txheej tsim nyog, cov peev txheej uas tsis muaj.
Thiab lawv tsis zoo li yuav tshwm sim nyob rau yav tom ntej.
Modernization ntawm LMS
Kev nce lub zog tua hluav taws thaum lub sijhawm hloov kho tshiab tuaj yeem ua raws txoj hauv kev siv rab phom loj dua, siv cov mos txwv muaj zog ntau dua thiab txhim kho FCS siab dua.
Txhua lub tank Ukrainian thiab Lavxias tau nruab nrog 2A46 kev hloov kho phom loj.
Cia kuv ceeb toom koj tias hauv tebchaws Ukraine, nrog rau qhov nyuaj heev, raws li Soviet cov ntaub ntawv thiab nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb Lavxias, nws muaj peev xwm rov tsim cov phom no. Tsis muaj lwm yam phom hauv Ukraine. Thiab tsis muaj leej twg yuav hloov nws.
Ukraine lub peev xwm rau kev tsim cov mos txwv tshiab (tshwj tsis yog rau cov cuaj luaj) yog qhov ua haujlwm xoom.
Yog li ntawd, kev nce hluav taws tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev hloov kho FCS. Ntxiv mus, Soviet rov qab los ntawm qib ncaj ncees tseem nyob ntawm cov kab ke no.
Lub tank T-64A tau ntev dhau los lawm hais txog kev ua haujlwm tua hluav taws. Thiab ua tsis tau zoo rau T-64B. Xws li, tsis muaj LMS ntawm nws. Tsuas yog teeb pom kev thiab cov cuab yeej soj ntsuam. Tus neeg tua phom muaj TPD-2-49 pom ib hnub nrog ib lub dav hlau ruaj khov ntawm thaj chaw saib, tsis muaj lub laser nrug deb thiab tsis muaj TBV, rab phom ruaj khov, TPN-3 tus neeg tua phom hmo ntuj tsis ruaj khov, TKN- 3 tus thawj tswj hwm nruab hnub hmo ntuj tsis ruaj khov thiab kaw qhov chaw tswj cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau "Utes" nrog tiv thaiv dav hlau pom PZU-5.
Ntawm lub tank T-64B tau teeb tsa thawj zaug hauv Soviet Union qhov loj me MSA 1A33 nrog 1G42 Ob hnub pom nrog ob lub dav hlau ruaj khov ntawm thaj chaw pom, lub laser rangefinder, optoelectronic qhia channel (ua ke nrog xov tooj cua channel)) ntawm 9K112 Cobra txoj kev coj ua tsis zoo, TBV, hloov kho TPN-3 tus neeg tua phom hmo ntuj pom thiab tus thawj coj T-64A pom kev.
Ntawm T-80UD lub tank, tiam tom ntej MSA 1A42 tau ua tiav, suav nrog cov neeg tua phom niaj hnub pom 1G46 Irtysh nrog lub laser qhia cov channel rau 9K119 Reflex coj lub foob pob thiab tus hais kom ua raws li TKN-4S Agat-S nruab hnub hmo ntuj pom nrog ib leeg-dav hlau ruaj khov ntawm thaj chaw pom thiab kaw kev tiv thaiv dav hlau nrog PZU-7 pom.
Txog rau kev hloov kho lub tank Oplot, tus thawj coj pom lub kaw lus tau tsim thiab siv raws qhov pom dav nrog ob lub dav hlau system txhawm rau ua kom ruaj khov ntawm qhov pom thiab lub ntsuas cua sov, thiab lub ntsuas cua sov pom tau hloov pauv ntawm tus neeg tua phom hmo ntuj. Tab sis lub tank no yeej tsis tau ua rau Ukrainian Tub Rog Rog.
Tag nrho cov no qhia tias tso tsheb hlau luam T-64B, T-80UD (T-84) thiab "Oplot" yog MSA zoo heev, uas tsis tau poob lawv qhov tseeb niaj hnub no. Muaj peev xwm tshaj lij rau kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm MSA ntawm kev tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam tam sim no.
Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, kuj tseem muaj teeb meem kev teeb tsa thiab tsim khoom.
Qhov nce ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm T-64A qhia nws tus kheej, tsawg kawg rau qib ntawm T-64B. Tab sis qhov no tsis yooj yim sua kom paub.
Qhov tseeb yog qhov tsim ntawm Ob thiab Cobra complexes tau ua tiav ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom hauv Russia. Thiab nws tau ncua ntev lawm. (Hloov chaw ntawm lawv, Irtysh thiab Reflkeks tau tshaj tawm). Ib qho ntxiv, Cobra coj cov cuaj luaj tsis tau tsim tawm hauv Ukraine ib yam. Yog li ntawd, lub dav hlau T-64B uas twb muaj lawm, yog cov tso tsheb hlau luam no nyob hauv qhov kev ua tau zoo, tsuas yog siv tau rau hauv cov phom loj uas tsis muaj riam phom ua.
Ukraine muaj hmoo hauv lwm txoj kev.
Xyoo 1989, Cherkassk Cov Cuab Yeej-Ua Tsob Nroj tau txais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Vologda ntawm kev teeb tsa cov khoom lag luam ntawm Irtysh thiab Agat-S qhov pom rau T-80UD tso tsheb hlau luam. Thiab tsis pub dhau lub moj khaum ntawm Pakistani daim ntawv cog lus, lawv cov khoom tau tsim nyob rau ntawd.
Tus so ntawm LMS cov ntsiab lus (xws li rab phom ruaj khov, TBV thiab lwm tus lej) tau rov tsim dua raws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj. Thiab ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Reflex foob pob hluav taws, Kombat foob pob hluav taws tau tsim thiab nws cov khoom tau tsim los.
Tam sim no Ukraine muaj peev xwm tsim tau txhua yam ntawm FCS rau T-80UD lub tank thiab siv lawv los kho lub FCS tshiab ntawm T-64A thiab T-64B tso tsheb hlau luam, nqa lawv mus rau qib T-80UD.
Tab sis qhov no xav tau kev rov kho lub peev xwm tsim khoom thiab cov peev txheej tsim nyog.
Kev sib piv ntawm FCS ntawm Ukrainian thiab Lavxias tso tsheb hlau luam
Cia peb pom yuav ua li cas hloov kho tshiab ntawm T-64 tso tsheb hlau luam, uas muaj peev xwm ua tau hauv tebchaws Ukraine, tej zaum yuav zoo li kev sib piv nrog kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Lavxias T-72 thiab T-90 tso tsheb hlau luam.
Ntawm lub tank T-72A (1973), lub kaw lus pom tau qiv tag nrho los ntawm T-64A lub tank.
Ntawm T-72B (1985), tsis tau ua tiav qhov kev sim ua tiav los tsim OMS uas tsis qis dua OMS T-64B. Lub laser rangefinder tau tsim rau hauv rab phom pom thiab tau txais TPD-K1 pom. Hloov chaw ntawm TBV, tus kws kho lub foob pob hluav taws tau teeb tsa nrog txhua qhov nws ua tsis tau zoo, 9K120 Svir laser nqaj-coj riam phom system, uas muab foob pob hluav taws tsuas yog los ntawm qhov chaw, tau ua tiav hauv 1K13 hmo ntuj tsis pom kev ruaj khov, thiab tus thawj coj tseem muaj kev hloov kho qub ntawm TKN-3 lub cuab yeej.
Nws tsuas yog nyob ntawm T-72B3 (2011) uas FCS tau pib tsim los ntawm kev siv rab phom puv ntoob pom "Sosna-U" nrog lub ntsuas cua sov ua kom sov thiab lub laser qhia rau channel rau Reflex foob pob. Tab sis nws tau teeb tsa hauv qhov chaw tsis yooj yim heev hloov ntawm 1K13, khaws raws li qhov pom - TPD -K1 thaub qab. Tus thawj coj tsis pom kev nyuaj tsis tau hloov.
Ntawm T-72B3M (2018), qhov kev ua tiav ntawm tus thawj coj tus thawj coj pom thaum kawg tau ua raws qhov pom pom nrog lub ntsuas cua sov thiab muaj peev xwm hloov pauv mus rau Kalina kev tswj hwm hluav taws.
T-90 (1993) tsis tau siv sijhawm ntev. Thiab lawv nyuam qhuav txav MSA los ntawm T-80UD lub tank.
Thiab ntawm T-90M (2019), lub cim tshiab tswj hluav taws system "Kalina" tau qhia, uas suav nrog "Sosna-U" pom thiab tus thawj coj pom kev pom "Falcon Eye".
Sib piv OMS ntawm cov tub rog Ukrainian thiab Lavxias ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam uas twb muaj lawm, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias lub tank loj ntawm T-64B APU yog nyob rau theem ntawm Lavxias T-72B, T-80UD ntawm T-90 qib, thiab "Oplot" ntawm qib T-72B3M
Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tam sim ntawd tias pab tub rog Lavxias tab tom pib maj mam hloov mus rau qhov hloov tshiab T-72B3M thiab T-90M, qhov zoo ntawm qhov hais txog kev ua haujlwm tua hluav taws yog qhov tsis ntseeg.
Hais txog FCS (tseem tsis tau lees paub rau kev pabcuam) ntawm "Armata" tank, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias hauv txoj cai nws yuav txawv me ntsis hauv nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb los ntawm FCS T-90M. Tseem tsis tau muaj qhov sib txawv loj nyob ntawd. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tank tsis muaj ib lub cuab yeej siv nrog lub kho qhov muag channel, txawm tias ua qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pom tseem ceeb. Thiab qhov no tuaj yeem raug ntsuas raws li qhov tsis zoo.
Kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Ukrainian tso tsheb hlau luam, txawm hais tias muaj cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm tam sim no, yog tsis yooj yim sua. Vim yog kev sib tsoo ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab tsis muaj peev txheej tsim nyog.
Txhawm rau ua kom cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim kev tsim khoom tsis yog tsuas yog hauv lub tank cog, tab sis kuj tsim txhua yam khoom siv ntawm ntau lub tsev tsim khoom kaum ob, uas, alas, twb tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm lub xeev tawg.
Yog li qhov kev hloov kho tshiab no tuaj yeem pom tseeb hauv cov ntsiab lus theoretical. Thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv.
Hais txog nqe lus ntawm ukropagandist Zgurts hais txog super-zais cia cog lus Ukrainian tank "Nota", uas tsis tau muaj dua, ib tus tuaj yeem tsuas yog luag zoo siab.
Hauv 80s, KMDB tau txhim kho qhov kawg cog lus Soviet lub tank "Boxer", ua haujlwm uas tau raug txwv nyob rau xyoo 1991 vim yog kev sib tsoo ntawm Union thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev txhim kho tag nrho ntawm kev tsim cov khoom nyuaj hauv Ukraine, xav tau kev koom tes ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv ntau ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. uas tsis tau muaj dua hauv tebchaws Ukraine.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj rau pej xeem, tom qab R&D "Nota" tau ua tiav, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cov duab ntawm lub tank cog lus tau kos tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm sib cog lus los ua haujlwm ntawm cov koog thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm lub tank, yam uas nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub tank.
Nws tag nrho nrog cov duab zoo li no.
Thiab Zgurets tau tham txog qee yam pseudo-cog lus rau lub tank tau ntau xyoo tam sim no.
