"Centurions" yog tus swb
Nws nyuaj rau zais ib qho awl hauv hnab. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum qhov no hnyav ntau dua 45 tons thiab tau saws los ntawm 14 lub xeev. Xws li yog Askiv "Centurion", uas xub tuaj rau USSR xyoo 1952 ntawm cov khoom plig ntawm Tsov Rog Kauslim. Nws yog qhov hloov kho tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm Mk-3, nruab nrog rab phom 83.8mm. Peb yuav tsum tau them se, "Centurion" muaj sia nyob rau cov yeeb ncuab tsis tau swb, ua kom huv si hlawv tawm ntawm sab hauv thiab poob mos txwv. Khoom plig los ntawm cov neeg North Kauslim tau xa mus rau Kubinka rau kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag. Raws li nws muab tawm, tsuas yog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, cov cuab yeej soj ntsuam thiab ib nrab lub cav tseem muaj sia nyob.
Lub sijhawm tom ntej "Centurion" raug ntes tsuas yog xyoo 1971.
Thaum muaj kev sib cav ntawm cov neeg Ixayees thiab Syria, ob lub tso tsheb hlau luam hauv kev ua haujlwm tau zoo raug ntes los ntawm Syrians thiab thauj mus rau Moscow. Cov no yog cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm Mk-9 thiab Mk-10 kev hloov kho. Ob xyoos tom qab, ob lub tsheb tiv thaiv ntxiv hauv kev ua tau zoo ntawm Mk-3 thiab Mk-7, uas tau hloov kho tshiab hauv tebchaws Israel, tau mus rau USSR los ntawm Middle East. Los ntawm txoj kev, hauv tib pawg, Syrians tau xa Asmeskas M60A1 lub tank mus rau Soviet Union, uas tom qab ntawd dhau los ua lub hom phiaj rau kev kawm hauv Kubinka.
Muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis nrog cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm hauv Is Taws Nem thiab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm "Cov Ntawv Tshaj Tawm ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv". Xyoo 1978, hauv kev tshaj tawm tsis pub lwm tus paub lub sijhawm ntawd, cov khoom siv "Armor tiv thaiv ntawm lub tank British" Centurion "tau tshaj tawm, uas cuam tshuam nrog plaub lub tshuab hauv qhov ntsuas Mk-3, Mk-9, Mk-9A thiab Mk-10. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tank tau txais lub npe Mk -9A los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv ntawm tsab xov xwm - cov kws ua haujlwm tub rog Korolev thiab Naumik. Qhov tseeb yog qhov ntxiv 45 mm tuab cov cuab yeej tau txuas rau sab xub ntiag ntawm lub tank no, yog li nws tau txiav txim siab ntxiv tsab ntawv "A" los ua lub cim ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov "thib cuaj" thib ob no los qhov twg los? Lawv puas tsis lees paub kev hloov kho Mk-7 hauv Kubinka thiab yuam kev hu nws tias Mk-9A?
Qhov no nyuaj rau ntseeg. Thiab, feem ntau yuav, cov neeg tawm tswv yim niaj hnub no tsis meej pem qee yam hauv kev faib tawm ntawm British tso tsheb hlau luam. Ntxiv mus, lub tsheb muaj ntau txog 13 qhov hloov pauv, qee zaum sib txawv heev ntawm ib leeg.
Kev kawm txog kev ntes cov neeg Askiv "Centurions" rau Soviet kev lag luam tub rog thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv 70s yog qhov kev nyiam ntaus pob ncaws pob. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam twb tau txiav lawm thiab tsis siv lawm.
Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, Askiv tau ua tub rog nrog "Tus Thawj", thiab hauv USSR-T-64 thiab T-72. Txawm li cas los xij, Kubinka tau mob siab rau kev kawm txog lub tank. Qhov ntawd yog Centurions, nrog rau Soviet T-55 thiab T-62, yog cov tsheb thib ob thiab feem ntau sib ntaus sib tua hauv ib cheeb tsam. Cov phoojywg ntawm USSR tau tawm tsam nrog cov phoojywg ntawm NATO pawg. Thiab kev kawm txog cov yeeb ncuab thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhawb zog rau kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv lub tebchaws thib peb. Los yog khaws cov yuam sij rau cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog ntawm lub tsheb Askiv.
"Centurions" tawg
Cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv tebchaws Askiv tsis tau ua rau muaj kev xav ntau rau cov kws tsim khoom Lavxias. Lub tank hnyav, cov cuab yeej siv yog nruab nrab. Thiab tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog riam phom. Hauv thawj qhov kev sib cav, IS-3, zoo ib yam hauv qhov hnyav, yuav tau tua nws tus nrog sib ntaus hauv qab txiv ntoo nrog rab phom 122 hli rov qab thaum ntxov tsib caug.
Thaum lub sijhawm tag nrho lub neej, cov neeg Askiv tsis tau hloov pauv kev tsim khoom thiab tsim khoom siv tshuab Centurion armor. Tsuas yog cov tuab sib txawv, ib txwm nce los ntawm cov qauv rau cov qauv. Mk-3, Mk-9 thiab Mk-10 tso tsheb hlau luam yuav luag zoo ib yam li cov cuab yeej siv phom. Qhov no yog chromium-nickel-molybdenum hlau ntawm qhov nruab nrab hardness rau lub hull thiab manganese-nickel-molybdenum rau cov pej thuam pov tseg.
Ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam, cov kws tsim khoom hauv Soviet tau sau tseg tias muaj kev siv vuam vuam ntau. Nrog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov ua tau zoo thiab qhov raug ntawm qhov ua tau zoo, cov neeg Askiv tsis tau txiav cov npoo ntawm daim hlau thaiv ua ntej vuam. Thiab qhov no, raws li tau sau tseg kom raug hauv "Cov Ntawv Tshaj Tawm ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv kab mob", txo kev muaj sia nyob ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thaum muaj hluav taws kub.
Cov tso tsheb hlau luam uas nkag mus rau hauv USSR xyoo 1973 thiab tau hloov kho tshiab hauv tebchaws Ixayees tau raug kev sim tshuaj tua hluav taws. Cov neeg Ixayees tau ntxiv dag zog rau hauv qab ntawm lub cav cav thiab teeb lub tshuab fais fab los ntawm Asmeskas lub tank M60A1. Cov kws tshaj lij tsis muab cov ntaub ntawv raug ntawm qhov kev xeem rau Centurion, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig tau hais tias Briton tau nyuaj.
Cov foob pob tawg "Plastit-4" tau siv rau kev sim, los ntawm qhov twg, tshwj xeeb, kev them nqi ncua ntev tau ua los txhawm rau cuam tshuam txoj kev. Txoj hauv kev tau muab rau txhua kis kom faus tus nqi 8-10 cm rau hauv av. Tsawg kawg ob peb TNT tus nqi raug sim tawm tsam Centurions 'undercarriage. Nws tau muab tawm tias 7-kilogram cov av tsis yog tsuas yog lav kom tawg kab, tab sis muab ob lub log tawm ntawm kev nqis tes ua ib zaug. Nrog qhov xwm txheej zoo ntawm qhov xwm txheej, thiab 2, 7-kg nqi tuaj yeem txav mus rau "Centurion". Qhov nruab nrab, txhawm rau txhawm rau taug qab ntawm lub tank Askiv, 10-12% yuav tsum tau them tsawg dua li, piv txwv li, rau T-72 tank.
Qhov kev tso kawm ntawm cov khoom raug tshem tawm sab nraum lub hull ntawm lub tank tau dhau los ua qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm kev tshem tawm Askiv. Cov lus hais los saum toj no 7-kg TNT tus nqi tau rhuav tshem qhov txuas ntawm lub laub mus rau lub cev thiab khoov lub axis ntawm tus tuav. Ntawm qhov one tes, nws yog kev xav yooj yim rau cov tsheb thauj khoom los kho qhov raug ncua - cov khoom nyob sab nraum lub hull thiab nkag tau yooj yim. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tsuas yog tshem tawm qhov tshem tawm bogie xav tau 1.1 tuj nqa khoom. Qhov zoo siab, lub tshuab nqus pa tsis raug puas tsuaj hauv ib qho ntawm cov foob pob tawg. Raws li tau hais los ntawm cov kws tsim khoom hauv Soviet, txhua yam tshwm sim vim qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus raug tshem tawm no.
Thaum, hauv ib qho ntawm kev sim, 7, 2-kilogram thaj av kuv tau tawg hauv qab Centurion txoj kev taug, hauv qab ntawm lub tank tseem raug tsoo. Qhov cuam tshuam me me - tsuas yog 2.5 hli. Tab sis nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov neeg coob.
Thaum peb tsiv mus rau qhov kev tawg me me ncaj qha rau hauv qab ntawm lub tank, txhua yam hloov pauv mus rau qhov tsis zoo. 3.2 kg ntawm TNT ua rau muaj qhov seem tshuav ntawm yuav luag 22 hli. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus txha nraub qaum tau ua los ntawm kev faib ua feem ntawm lub tank nrog lub tuab ntawm 5, 5 hli, txuas rau hauv qab thiab daim hlau thaiv daim hlau ntawm lub ru tsev hull. Qhov muab faib no tau nce qhov nruj ntawm qhov hauv qab, thiab txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau tsim los ntawm ob sab ntawm nws. Nws yog vim kev faib ua feem hauv chav tswj hwm uas lub tank tiv taus qhov tawg hauv qab ntawm 7, 2-kilogram thaj av kuv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tsis pom kev deb mus txog 120 hli thiab lav tias yuav ua rau tus tsav tsis ua haujlwm. Tab sis tsis tau so hauv qab tau pom.
Thaum cov kws tshuaj ntsuam tau teeb tsa tus nqi zoo sib xws hauv MTO, qhov tawg tawg hauv qab thiab sab laug 175-hli deflection. Txhua qhov no tau tshwm sim txawm hais tias cov neeg Ixayees siv zog los txhawb kuv qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm MTO hauv qab. Yog, thiab nrog cov ntxaij vab tshaus tiv thaiv ntawm ob sab ntawm lub tank ntse heev. Cov kev txhim kho tau ua rau yoov me ntsis, thiab thaum lub foob pob tawg tau tawg, cov khoom tiv thaiv hlau tau tawg mus rau kaum tawm meters nyob ib puag ncig.
Thaum kawg, ib qho Mk-10 Centurion tau sim rau qhov tsis kam rau gamma hluav taws xob. Lub tank tau tsim thaum Lub Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum Ob thiab tsis tau hloov pauv kom tiv taus hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Cov neeg coob yuav tsum cia siab rau qhov tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej xwb. Nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav tsis tsuas yog ntsuas tag nrho ntawm lub tank Askiv, tab sis kuj tseem yuav sib piv nws nrog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm Asmeskas M60A1 thiab M48A3.
Qhov phem tshaj plaws ntawm "Centurion" hauv kev tawg nuclear yuav muaj tus kws kho tsheb -tus neeg kho tshuab - nyob ze nws cov duab hluav taws xob gamma tau qis dua 10 zaug. Txog kev sib piv, tus thawj coj tank thiab phom tuaj yeem suav rau 80 lossis txawm tias 100 npaug qhov nqus tau ntawm cov hluav taws xob tuag taus. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim zoo ib yam ntawm cov tsheb Asmeskas pom cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam.
Raws li nws tau tshwm sim, "Centurions" raug ntes hauv 50s thiab 70s tsis yog qhov kawg rau peb lub tebchaws.
Xyoo 2018, cov seem ntawm lub tank Askiv siv los ntawm cov tub rog Syrian tau raug coj tuaj rau Russia. Lub tank feem ntau yuav yog ib qho khoom plig ntawm ib qho ntawm ntau qhov kev sib cav ntawm Syria thiab Ixayees yav dhau los.
