Indian "Fighter ntawm cov yeeb ncuab"

Indian "Fighter ntawm cov yeeb ncuab"
Indian "Fighter ntawm cov yeeb ncuab"

Video: Indian "Fighter ntawm cov yeeb ncuab"

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Hauv kev kub ntxhov ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv Greater Middle East, tshee hnyo los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog, thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev tsim thiab txhim kho cov tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb, ib qho xwm txheej uas tuaj yeem muaj kev txiav txim siab cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv nyob rau nruab nrab thiab ntev lub sijhawm tshuav ntawm lub zog hauv cheeb tsam Dej Hiav Txwv Indian, yog tias tsis dav dua.

Qhov tseeb yog tias tsis ntev dhau los kev ua tub rog-nom tswv kev coj noj coj ua (VPR) ntawm Koom pheej Is Nrias teb tshaj tawm tias thawj lub foob pob hluav taws nuclear (NPS) muaj riam phom nrog submarine-foob pob foob pob tau mus txog "lub xeev ntawm kev npaj sib ntaus sib tua". Txog tam sim no, tau kawg, cov no yog cov cuaj luaj nrog dav dav dav ntawm 750 km xwb, tab sis cov kws tshaj lij Indian thiab cov tub rog twb tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm kev koom ua ke chav kawm tshiab rau cov tub rog hauv tebchaws (Navy) ntawm lub nkoj submarine thiab tua cov cuaj luaj nrog lub dav hlau. thaj tsam ntawm ob peb txhiab kilometers. Thiab qhov no yog daim ntawv thov rau koom nrog cov pab pawg neeg tseem ceeb ntawm cov xeev uas muaj cov tub rog tiv thaiv ntawm cov tswv yim nuclear rog.

TXHUA TUS CRASHING TRIAD

Cov kws tshaj lij nkoj hauv tebchaws Indian thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev hais kom ua ntawm cov tub rog hauv tebchaws tau hais ntau zaus tias nuclear submarines muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua loj thiab tso cai rau lawv los daws cov haujlwm no ntau yam uas lawv tuaj yeem muaj feem cuam tshuam zoo.

Ntxiv mus, hauv lawv lub tswv yim, rau Indian Navy, yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yog tawm tsam thaj av ntawm ib tus yeeb ncuab uas muaj peev xwm (ua ntej tshaj plaws, tau kawg, nws tuaj yeem yog Pakistan thiab Tuam Tshoj), muaj nuclear submarines riam phom nrog lub foob pob thiab cruise cuaj luaj tsim los kom muaj qhov tseeb qhov ntev-ntev ntaus yog "yuav tsum tau, qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau."

Thawj thawj zaug, los ntawm "smear", qhov muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Indian cov nkoj ntawm nuclear submarines muaj riam phom caij nkoj thiab / lossis foob pob hluav taws uas tuaj yeem nruab nrog lub taub hau nuclear tau hais los ntawm Is Nrias teb xyoo 1999 - hauv ib daim ntawv hu ua "Nuclear Triad" thiab suav tias yog ib feem tsis tau muab cais ua "ua ntej" nuclear kev qhia ntawm Is Nrias teb.

Delhi, peb nco qab, dhau los ua tus tswv ntawm kev siv riam phom nuclear tom qab lub Tsib Hlis 18, 1974 ntawm cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv kev cob qhia hauv av Pohran, Rajasthan, kev sim hauv av ntawm cov cuab yeej nuclear nrog lub peev xwm txog 8 kt, codenamed "Smiling Buddha" lossis "Pohran I ".

Daim ntawv tau hais qhia tias cov tub rog nqa cov riam phom nuclear tsis muaj kev phom sij rau kev txheeb xyuas thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab tshaj li kev ya dav hlau lossis av, uas, yog tias puas tsuaj, kuj tseem yuav ua rau muaj neeg raug mob hnyav.

Tab sis tej zaum cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Delhi tau lees paub txog lub hom phiaj kev xav ntawm cov tub rog uas qhia tau meej txog nws qhov kev txiav txim siab los tsim cov tub rog tiv thaiv kev ua rog. Ib feem tsis tau cais ntawm daim ntawv 184-nplooj ntawv tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Rau Hli 2004 raws li lub ntsiab lus "Indian Maritime Doctrine". Nws tau hais meej meej tias cov tub rog rog yog hom tsim nyog tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog hauv tebchaws raws li "kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj peev xwm" ntawm kev muaj riam phom nuclear thiab lawv siv kev sib ntaus, thiab nuclear submarines yog cov nyiam thauj cov cuaj luaj nrog lub taub hau nuclear."Txhawm rau daws cov haujlwm ntawm kev txwv tsis pub muaj tswv yim, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau lub xeev kom tau txais ntawm nws qhov chaw pov tseg nuclear submarines muaj peev xwm nqa cov cuaj luaj nrog lub taub hau nuclear," tsab ntawv hais.

"THIRD HAND"

Txhua qhov kev ua no haum zoo rau hauv txoj cai "txwv tsis pub muaj kev txwv nuclear" ua los ntawm Is Nrias teb NWP thiab xav txog kev tsim cov phiaj xwm kev cog lus me me, huab cua thiab dej hiav txwv raws li lub zog nuclear, uas yog, cov txheej txheem nuclear triad. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws tshaj lij tub rog Khab tau ntseeg ruaj khov tias tsuas yog siv nuclear triad, uas muaj kev paub ntau yam thiab siv tau ntawm kev siv riam phom nuclear, yuav ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv nuclear puv ntoob thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, siv tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm riam phom nuclear.

Tshwj xeeb, tus so haujlwm Commodore Anil Jai Singh, uas tau ua haujlwm ntev hauv Indian cov tub rog caij nkoj thiab tau ua tus saib xyuas tub rog ntawm Indian Embassy hauv London, hauv kab lus "Lub Hom Phiaj cuam tshuam ntawm Nuclear Submarines" luam tawm thaum ntxov xyoo 2012 hauv SP's Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog, taw qhia: "Ib tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua rog ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Txias yog nuclear submarines nrog cov foob pob. Qhov xwm txheej tas li ntawm kev hem thawj kom tau txais kev tawm tsam nuclear los ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom pom thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam tau zoo tso cai rau cov yeeb ncuab kom nyob "txias" … Ntxiv mus, tawm ntawm kaum lub tebchaws uas tau tshaj tawm tias lawv muaj riam phom nuclear, thiab cov tebchaws uas tsis lees paub lawv muaj, tab sis yeej muaj lawv lossis yuav luag tau ua tiav lawv, rau hauv nyob hauv Asia. Tuam Tshoj nyob ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm thaj av Hiav Txwv Indian, tab sis muaj kev txaus siab loj hauv cheeb tsam, thiab cov tebchaws xws li Pakistan, North Kauslim, Israel thiab Iran pom cov riam phom nuclear yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws … Is Nrias teb yog lub tebchaws loj tshaj thiab muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv thaj av Hiav Txwv Indian thiab yog li nws yuav tsum ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm no."

Hauv qhov kev tshaj tawm tshiab ntawm Indian Naval Doctrine, tsis suav nrog 200-nplooj ntawv uas tau luam tawm thaum Lub Yim Hli 28, 2009 kos npe los ntawm Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Navy, Admiral Surish Mehta, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj nyob hauv lub tebchaws Navy ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom ntawm nuclear riam phom, tshwj xeeb yog submarines, tau rov hais dua. Thiab hauv tib lub xyoo, thaum Lub Xya Hli 26, thawj lub nkoj siv hluav taws xob nuclear ntawm Indian tsim thiab kev tsim kho tau tsim - cov nkoj loj hauv lub nkoj, uas tab tom tsim ntawm lub nkoj ntawm Lub Chaw Nkoj Nkoj hauv Vishakhapatnam. "Hnub no peb yog nyob ntawm tsib lub xeev xaiv uas muaj peev xwm tsim lub nuclear submarines," Indian Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Manmohan Singh hais txog ntawm kev ua koob tsheej nco txog qhov pib ntawm Arihant.

Kuv lub npe "ARIKHANT"

Arihant (INS Arihant; S-73) tau muab cais ua nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN). Txhais los ntawm Sanskrit, nws lub npe txhais tau tias "Tus rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab". Lub nkoj submarine yog lub nkoj loj ntawm cov nkoj uas muaj nuclear-tsim, kev tsim qauv thiab kev tsim kho uas tau ua tiav raws li lub hauv paus ntawm ATV (Advanced Technology Vessel) program.

Cov neeg caij nkoj Indian ib txwm siv cov txiv maj phaub - hloov lub raj mis ntawm champagne - tau "tsoo" los ntawm tus poj niam ntawm Indian Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Gursharan Kaur ntawm ib sab ntawm lub nkoj. "Kuv lub npe koj" Arihant ", lub npe" Fighter ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ", thiab kuv xav koj txhua yam zoo tshaj plaws rau lub submarine no," Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws tus poj niam hais tias, qhib lub phaj txuas rau lub nkoj lub nkoj. Manmohan Singh nws tus kheej tau qhib lub rooj sib tham thiab ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ceeb toom txog kev ua haujlwm loj kawg uas tau ua los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm ATV program, so retired admiral D. S. P. Verma thiab nws pab neeg. Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws tau hais tawm cov lus tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ris txiaj rau cov kws tshwj xeeb Lavxias uas tau muab kev pabcuam muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev tsim Indian SSBN."Kuv ua tsaug rau peb cov phooj ywg Lavxias rau lawv txoj kev koom tes zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig, uas ua piv txwv txog kev sib koom tes zoo uas peb tuav nrog Russia," tus thawj coj ntawm pawg Indian hais.

Lub koob tsheej tseem tau koom nrog Minister of Defense Arakkaparambil Kurian Anthony, Minister of State rau Tub Rog-Industrial Complex ntawm Is Nrias teb Pallam Raju, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Indian Navy, Admiral Surish Mehta, nrog rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsoomfwv India thiab lub xeev Andhra Pradesh, cov thawj coj ntawm ntau lub koom haum koom nrog txoj haujlwm no ncaj qha. …

Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias txoj haujlwm tsim thiab tsim cov nkoj siv hluav taws xob nuclear ntawm "Arihant" hom tau dhau los ua qhov zais cia (uas yog qhov txawv txav rau Is Nrias teb hauv nws tus kheej), thiab kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tau hnyav heev uas tau tshaj tawm thawj zaug ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij hlau lead tsis tau tshaj tawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, hnub ntawm kev tso Arihant SSBN tsis paub meej, nws ntseeg tias qhov no tau tshwm sim xyoo 1998 thaum muaj Dr. Abdul Kalam, tus thawj coj ntawm DRDO thiab tom qab ntawd Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Is Nrias teb. Kev tshaj tawm "Arihant" rau hauv dej tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw kaw los ntawm qhov muag pom, thiab cov tam sim no raug txwv tsis pub thaij duab thiab thaij duab - tsuas yog ob peb ntawm "tsoomfwv kws yees duab" tau txais kev tso cai rau nws. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tau tshaj tawm hnub rau tua tus yeeb ncuab tsis raug xaiv los ntawm lub sijhawm - nws tau teem sijhawm kom ua tiav nrog lub hnub nyoog 10 xyoo ntawm cov tub rog Indian yeej hauv Kargil War.

Los ntawm CLUB mus rau SAGARIKA

SSBN "Arihant" muaj kev tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm thaj tsam li ntawm 6,000 tons, qhov ntev tshaj plaws yog 110-111 m, dav yog 15 m thiab daim phiaj yog 11 m, tshaj tawm ua haujlwm tob ntawm kev tso dej yog 300 m, cov neeg coob yog 95-100 tus neeg..

Hauv hneev ntawm lub nkoj submarine, muaj GAS, rau rau 533-mm torpedo tubes-lub foob pob ntawm Club-S foob pob hluav taws, racks nrog mos txwv (torpedoes thiab cuaj luaj ntawm Club-S RC-tiv thaiv nkoj, tiv thaiv submarine thiab nkoj cuaj luaj rau tua lub hom phiaj hauv av), lub hauv paus nruab nrab, lub log log ruaj khov thiab, raws li, cov cuab yeej tshem tawm tau, thiab sab nraud muaj kab rov tav.

Hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hull muaj cov lus sib ntaus nrog ntau yam khoom siv thiab khoom siv hauv nkoj, plaub lub foob pob foob pob, thiab lwm yam.

Thaum kawg, nyob rau sab nraub qaum ntawm lub hull muaj cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej siv rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear nrog lub tshuab ua kom dej txias nrog lub peev xwm cua sov ntawm 80-85 MW thiab chav ua kom muaj zog muaj zog txog li 47 txhiab hp, lub cav txoj kab ncej, thiab lwm yam, thiab sab nraum muaj cov rudders thiab xya-bladed propeller.

Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm Tus Yeeb ncuab tua neeg yog K-15 Sagarika lub foob pob foob pob, tsim los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Tiv Thaiv Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Is Nrias teb (DRDO). Lub submarine nqa 12 lub cuaj luaj (peb lub foob pob hauv txhua lub foob pob), uas, raws li Indian cov peev txheej, tuaj yeem nruab nrog nuclear (17-150 kt) lossis lub taub hau zoo ib yam.

Lub hiav txwv-raws BR "Sagarika" ("Okeanskaya") tau tsim nrog kev siv dav ntawm cov kev txhim kho tau los ntawm cov kws paub tshwj xeeb hauv Indian thaum kawm BR "Prithvi" thiab CD "BrahMos" cov haujlwm. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws tau ua txij li xyoo 1991, lub foob pob hluav taws yog ob-theem, muaj zog tiv thaiv. Thawj qhov pib los ntawm qhov chaw sawv hauv av - Lub Ib Hlis 23, 2004, thawj zaug pib los ntawm cov dej hauv qab - Lub Ob Hlis 26, 2008, kev tua hluav taws puv ntoob - Lub Peb Hlis 11, 2012, thiab tom qab pib los ntawm cov dej hauv qab thaum Lub Ib Hlis 23, 2013, Sagarika foob pob hluav taws tau tshaj tawm "npaj rau kev koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom."

Qhov ntev ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws yog li 10 m, txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub cev yog 0.74 m, qhov hnyav tshaj li ntawm 6-7 tons, KVO yog li 25 m, qhov chaw tua ntau txog 750 km, qhov hnyav thauj mus los yog nce mus txog 1000 kg. Ib tus lej ntawm Indian cov peev txheej qhia tias tus tsim tawm tab tom ntsuas txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tua ntau txog 1300-2500 km los ntawm kev txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub taub hau. Kev pabcuam tsim nyog tau tshaj tawm tau thov los ntawm Ixayees thiab Russia. Lub foob pob hluav taws tau khaws cia rau hauv kev thauj khoom sib xyaw thiab tso lub thawv ntim nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 2.4 m, tau pib los ntawm qhov chaw tso dej.

Qhov txaus siab, Sandeep Annitan tsab xov xwm "Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Dej", luam tawm thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2008 hauv Is Nrias teb Hnub no, hais txog Rear Admiral Raja Menon, so haujlwm, tias "lub nkoj submarine nqa tsawg kawg 12 lub foob pob, txhua nrog MIRV uas muab 96 lub taub hau tag nrho". Nov yog nqe lus tseem ceeb heev. Tsis yog ua ntej thiab tom qab puas yog Indian cov peev txheej hais txog MIRVs rau K-15 cuaj luaj. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus kws tshaj lij tau tsis ntseeg txog cov lus ntawm cov tub rog so haujlwm.

Yav tom ntej, nws tau npaj tso plaub lub K-4 lub foob pob nrog lub dav hlau tua tsawg kawg 3500 km ntawm SSBN, uas tau ua haujlwm los ntawm DRDO. Cov peev txheej hauv tebchaws Indian qhia tias K-4 BR, uas, zoo li K-15 BR, tau tsim los ua ib feem ntawm "program dub" hu ua "Program rau Kev Tsim K-Family Missiles", muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 17 -20 tons, qhov ntev ntawm 12 m thiab Lub taub hau hnyav ntawm 1-2, 5 tons.

Raws li ib feem ntawm "txoj haujlwm dub" no, tseem tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm K-5 hom submarine ballistic missile nrog kev tua ntau txog 5000 km.

Npaj rau kev sib ntaus thiab taug kev

Thaum Lub Yim Hli 10, 2013, Cov kws tshaj lij Indian tau ua lub cev pib ntawm Arihanta reactor, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 13, 2014, tau pom lub nkoj submarine mus rau hiav txwv rau kev sim, thaum lub sijhawm lawv tua BR thiab KR, nrog rau hiav txwv tob. kev xeem. Qhov kawg tau muab los ntawm cov neeg coob ntawm lub nkoj cawm neeg Lavxias "Epron" los ntawm Lub Nkoj Dub Nkoj, uas tuaj txog hauv thaj tsam Vishakhapatnam thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1, 2015. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nyiam "Epron" vim tsis muaj cov nkoj hauv chav kawm no hauv Is Nrias teb.

Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 25, 2015, thawj zaug tso tawm ntawm Sagarik lub foob pob hluav taws tau nqa los ntawm Arihant, thiab pib thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2016 qhov kev xeem tau ua tiav. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 23, Indian SSBN tau tshaj tawm "npaj rau kev ua haujlwm." Nws tau cia siab tias lub nkoj siv hluav taws xob nuclear yuav koom nrog hauv International Naval Parade, tab sis tom qab ntawd "vim li cas kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis pub lwm tus paub" cov kauj ruam no tau tso tseg.

Cov theem tom ntej hauv lub neej ntawm "Tus yeeb ncuab tua neeg" yuav tsum yog nws txoj haujlwm nkag mus rau Indian Navy, thiab tom qab ntawd - nkag mus rau thawj qhov kev ua tub rog. Qhov no cia siab tias yuav tshwm sim rau xyoo no. Lub sijhawm no, Indian cov peev txheej tau tshaj tawm txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw sib txuas lus nrog SSBNs hauv kev pabcuam kev sib ntaus. Nyob rau yav tom ntej, lub hauv paus tub rog tshiab "Varsha", uas tab tom tsim kho ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws, nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj Kakinada, yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm, qhov uas nws tau npaj rau "Arihant" thiab ob ntu SSBNs hauv cov tsev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, uas yuav txawv ntawm lub taub hau hauv qhov loj me thiab hloov kho tshiab hauv cov txheej txheem. Yav tom ntej, nws tau npaj kom nce tus naj npawb ntawm SSBNs mus rau tsib, nrog rau tsim lub foob pob hluav taws ntau lub hom phiaj tshiab - rau kev txhim kho thiab kev tsim ntawm rau xws li submarines hauv xyoo 2015, nws tau txiav txim siab faib nyiaj txog 900 txhiab rupees, uas nyob ntawm tus nqi tam sim no yog $ 13.58 nphom.

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