Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 9, 1977, Sergei Ilyushin, tus kws tsim lub dav hlau Soviet zoo, Colonel General ntawm Engineering thiab Kev Pabcuam Txuj Ci, Tus Kws Tshaj Lij ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences, tuag. OKB, uas nws tau coj mus, yog hnub no suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov tuam txhab Lavxias ua lag luam rau kev txhim kho dav hlau. Ntawm cov dav hlau tsim los ntawm Ilyushinites, tseem muaj Il -76 - lub dav hlau thauj khoom hnyav uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev thauj tub rog thauj dav hlau ntawm Russia thiab Ukraine thiab tau ua haujlwm nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws CIS thiab nyob txawv tebchaws.
Tam sim no hauv Ulyanovsk, kev sib dhos ntawm thawj ntu Il-76MD-90A, kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm lub dav hlau thauj tub rog nto moo, tau ua tiav. Peb tau khaws tsib qhov tseeb hais txog lub tsheb, uas yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau kev pabcuam nrog Lavxias Lub Nkoj Tub Rog xyoo no.
HNUB "476"
Il-76 tau sib sau ua ke ntawm V. P. Chkalov Tashkent Aviation Production Association. Txij li xyoo 70s, lub tuam txhab tau tsim tag nrho li ntawm 1000 lub dav hlau, uas ntau dua 100 tau xa tawm.
Qhov kev txiav txim siab hloov chaw tsim khoom ntawm Il-76 lub dav hlau mus rau Ulyanovsk tau ua thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2006 los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Federation. Aviastar-SP lub dav hlau cog, tsim rau kev tsim cov dav hlau loj (An-124 Ruslan), lub sijhawm ntawd tau thauj khoom mus rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Qhov kev txiav txim siab tau ua nyob rau lub sijhawm luv. Lub Plaub Hlis 3, lub rooj sib tham sai sai ntawm pab pawg tswj hwm tau muaj nyob ntawm Aviastar. Thiab thaum 23.00 nyob rau tib hnub, tau muab cov ntawv xa mus rau United Aircraft Corporation, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog thaj chaw tsim khoom, cov neeg ua haujlwm, qib kev siv tshuab thev naus laus zis ntawm lub tuam txhab, kev koom tes nrog lwm cov nroj tsuag, thiab cov peev txheej tsim tau.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 14, 2006, tsoomfwv tau xaj ib tsab ntawv xaj los ntawm tsoomfwv Lavxias los tsim kev tsim khoom ntawm Il-76 lub dav hlau hauv tebchaws Russia. Qhov project tau codenamed "476".
Thawj "DIGIT"
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov kho tob ntawm Il-76 lub dav hlau tau siv tsib xyoos. Ob tus tsim qauv thiab cov tuam txhab tsim khoom yav tom ntej tau ua haujlwm nquag. Ulyanovsk lub dav hlau cog hauv lub sijhawm luv luv tau ua "digital kiv puag ncig": ua ntej lub dav hlau tau tsim los ntawm no siv cov txheej txheem plaza-qauv (thaum cov qauv ntawm cov ntu raug txiav tawm, tag nrho loj, los ntawm hlau). Il-76MD-90A dhau los ua thawj lub dav hlau uas cov neeg nyob hauv Ulyanovsk ua tiav siv cov thev naus laus zis.
Cov txheej txheem hloov pauv tau ua haujlwm hnyav: thaum cov duab kos tau digitized, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau kawm hauv computer thev naus laus zis. Tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov duab kos tau tso rau ntawm daim ntawv (piv txwv li, tus kws kho hluav taws xob), tab sis tom qab ua haujlwm thawj lub dav hlau, nws tau hloov mus rau tus qauv hluav taws xob.
MAIN DIFFERENCES LOS NTAWM IL-76
Txawm hais tias muaj qhov zoo sib xws sab nraud, kev hloov kho tshiab yog qhov sib txawv los ntawm nws cov neeg ua ntej. Il-76MD-90A muaj qhov sib txawv tis tsim, tsim kom muaj qhov hnyav tshaj plaws nqa hnyav (210 tons piv rau 190). Ntawm lub tis ntawm lub hauv paus tshuab, muaj qhov txuas hauv nruab nrab; tam sim no muaj cov vaj huam sib luag 24-meter, uas tau nce cov peev txheej.
Il hloov kho tshiab niaj hnub no tau nruab nrog Perm PS-90A-76 cov cav, txhua tus muaj lub zog ntawm 14.5 tons. Lub dav hlau tau raug coj los ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm ICAO, Eurocontrol, Asmeskas FAA thiab tau tsim nrog lub neej yav tom ntej hauv siab: nws tseem ua tau raws cov qauv uas tseem tsis tau muaj zog. Lub davhlau lub neej ntawm lub tshuab thev naus laus zis tau tsim rau 35 xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm; cov neeg tsim qauv npaj siab yuav txuas ntxiv nws mus rau 45 xyoos.
Qhov "txhaws" ntawm lub dav hlau kuj tseem tau hloov pauv. Nws tau nruab nrog avionics tshiab thiab kev cia siab Kupol-3 lub davhlau thiab kev taw qhia. Tus tshiab autopilot digital tso cai rau tsaws hauv qeb thib ob ntawm ICAO, thaum lub dav hlau raug coj mus rau qhov siab ntawm 30 metres siab dua ntawm txoj kev khiav hauv hom tsis siv neeg, thiab tom qab ntawd tau tsaws hauv phau ntawv hom. Tus thawj coj tau ya hauv thawj pawg (hauv qhov no, qhov siab txiav txim siab yog 60 meters). Qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab no yuav nthuav dav thaj tsam ntawm kev ua haujlwm dav hlau, feem ntau hauv Tebchaws Europe, qhov chaw huab cua tuaj yeem "hnyav" ntau dua.
Lub dav hlau tseem muaj lub npe hu ua iav cockpit. Hloov chaw ntawm cov cuab yeej sib piv uas paub txog lub qhov muag, lub chaw tso saib digital ntawm lub dav hlau thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau teeb tsa ntawm no. Muaj yim lub ntxaij vab tshaus hauv lub cockpit (rau rau tus kws tsav dav hlau thiab ob rau tus neeg tsav nkoj). Qhov kev xaiv no yog xov xwm ntau dua: nws yooj yim dua rau cov kws tsav dav hlau kom pom lub thav duab me me, uas qhia txog thaj chaw ntawm lub dav hlau, nws qhov nrawm, qhov siab thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas dav hlau.
AIRCRAFT FEATURES
Cov neeg tsim khoom ntseeg tias kev hloov kho lub dav hlau yuav sib tw tiag tiag nrog Sab Hnub Poob huab cua "tsheb thauj khoom". Tsis muaj qhov sib piv hauv chav kawm ntawm cov nkoj nruab nrab niaj hnub no. IL-76MD-90A tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv txhua qhov huab cua uas tsis muaj kev txwv. Cov dav hlau Lavxias yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntau dua li Western, lawv tsis xav tau cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, lawv tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas hnyav tas li. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb zoo rau kev siv cov chaw nyuaj mus cuag.
Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab Il-76 yog lub peev xwm siv nws hauv ntau qhov chaw: ua tub rog thauj dav hlau, tso tsheb thauj khoom roj, thiab tua hluav taws. Cov neeg tsim khoom npaj siab yuav tsim cov neeg pej xeem version ntawm lub dav hlau, uas yuav yeej xav tau los ntawm kev lag luam airlines.
CUSTOMERS
Tam sim no tus neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub dav hlau yog RF Ministry of Defense. Vim li no, kev sib dhos ntawm "khoom 476" txog thaum pib xyoo 2012 mus tom qab qhov rooj kaw. Lub dav hlau tau qhia rau cov neeg sau xov xwm thawj zaug thaum Lub Ib Hlis, thaum mus ntsib Aviastar los ntawm Lavxias Tus Lwm Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Dmitry Rogozin.
Raws li lub xeev daim ntawv cog lus nrog tub rog lub tuam tsev, cov neeg nyob hauv Ulyanovsk yuav tsum sib sau ua ke 39 Il-76MD-90A; xyoo no nws yuav tsum tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus rau kev muab khoom ntawm Ministry of Defense nrog Il-78 tankers, uas yuav tsim los ntawm Il-76MD. Tsis tas li, hom dav hlau no yog xav tau davhlau tshwj xeeb, uas tau tsim hauv Taganrog. Yog li, xyoo 2020, cov neeg nyob hauv Ulyanovsk yuav tsum tsim kom muaj 80-83 lub dav hlau.
Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2013, thawj theem ntawm lub xeev kev sib koom tes ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab Il-76 tau ua tiav. Cov neeg coob tau sim qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab ua haujlwm ntau dhau, ua lub davhlau nrog lub dav hlau tshaj plaws (210 tons) thiab tsaws (170 tons) qhov hnyav, ua haujlwm txheej txheem ntawm lub dav hlau mus ib puag ncig thaum tsis ua haujlwm ntawm ib thiab ob lub cav. Theem thib ob ntawm kev xeem hauv xeev tau teem rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Txog rau lub sijhawm no, lub dav hlau yuav tsum tau ua tiav raws li cov lus siv los ntawm tub rog. Thawj lub dav hlau rau cov neeg siv khoom yuav raug xa mus rau cov neeg nyob hauv Ulyanovsk thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2014.
Tam sim no ntawm lub dav hlau cog, hauv qib sib txawv ntawm kev npaj, muaj peb thawj ntu kev tsim kho tshiab Il-76s. Kaum qhov ntxiv tau tso rau hauv cov khw muag khoom ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub dav hlau Il-76MD-90A
Wingspan - 50.5 meters
Thaj tsam thaj tsam - 300 square metres
Ntev 46.6 m
Cargo compartment qhov ntev: ntev - 24.54 meters, dav - 3.45 meters, qhov siab - 3.4 meters
Qhov hnyav tshaj plaws nqa tawm - 210 tons
Lub peev xwm nqa tau - txog 60 tons
Kev caij nkoj ceev - 780 - 850 km / h
Dav dav dav nrog thauj 60 tons - 4000 km
Crew - 5 tus neeg
Tus naj npawb ntawm paratroopers ntawm lub nkoj - 126
