Qhov thib peb Stalinist tshuab. Liberation ntawm Crimea. 75 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 5, 1944, kev tawm tsam dav dav ntawm Soviet pab tub rog tau pib ntawm thaj chaw muaj zog Sevastopol, uas tau tiv thaiv los ntawm pab tub rog German 17th. Thawj qhov kev tawm tsam yog 2nd Guards Army nyob rau sab qaum teb. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 7, kev tawm tsam dav dav ntawm Sevastopol los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm 4th Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej pib. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 9, Sevastopol tau raug tso dim, thaum lub Tsib Hlis 12, cov seem ntawm cov tub rog German tau ua tiav thiab raug ntes nyob hauv thaj tsam Cape Chersonesos.
Qhov xwm txheej ua ntej raug ntaus
Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 8, 1944, cov tub rog ntawm 4th Ukrainian Pem Hauv Paus raws li cov lus txib ntawm Tolbukhin tau tawm tsam. Tau tawg mus rau hauv kev tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab muaj zog nyob hauv thaj tsam Perekop, Sivash thiab Kerch, Sib cais Primorskaya Army), Cov Tub Rog Liab tau tso tawm feem ntau ntawm Crimean ceg av qab teb. Lub Plaub Hlis 15-16, peb cov tub rog tau mus txog Sevastopol, uas cov neeg German tau dhau los ua thaj chaw muaj zog tiv thaiv thaum lub sijhawm dhau los. Yog li ntawd, kev sim ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias kom coj lub nroog mus rau qhov tsis ua tiav. Kev txiav txim siab txiav txim siab rau lub Plaub Hlis 18-19, 23-24 kuj tseem tsis ua rau muaj kev vam meej.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij lub Plaub Hlis 26 txog Lub Tsib Hlis 4, 1944, Cov tub rog Soviet tau tawm tsam kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv zej zog txhawm rau txhim kho lawv txoj haujlwm, ua kom muaj kev soj qab xyuas hauv lub zog kom qhia meej txog txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, uas ua rau kev txo qis ntawm kev tiv thaiv, poob nyiaj thiab peev txheej. cov peev txheej ntawm Nazis, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua ntxiv lawm. Qhov thib plaub UV tau ua tiav kev rov ua kom zoo thiab rov sib sau ua ke ntawm cov rog, muab cov mos txwv thiab roj, cov phom loj. Hauv kev sib cais, pab pawg ua phem, pab pawg sib ntaus (rau kev hla txoj hauv kev, kev puas tsuaj thiab pob zeb tawg) thiab kov yeej cov kwj dej tiv thaiv lub tank. Hauv txhua qhov kev ua rog thiab pab tub rog, kev tawm dag zog tau ua hauv thaj chaw uas zoo ib yam li thaj chaw muaj zog Sevastopol. Cov phom loj thiab dav hlau txuas ntxiv rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm. Kev ya dav hlau ntawm 4th UV Pem Hauv Ntej, Lub Nkoj Dub Nkoj thiab dav dav dav dav txuas mus rau Stavka tau ua 8,200 qhov kev xaiv ua ntej lub Tsib Hlis 5.
Txog Lub Tsib Hlis 1, 1944, Soviet cov tub rog suav ntau dua 240 txhiab tus tib neeg, 5, 5 txhiab rab phom thiab phom, 340 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom tua tus kheej, ntau dua 550 lub dav hlau. Txog lub Tsib Hlis 5, 1944, 17th tus tub rog German suav ntau dua 72 txhiab tus tub rog, nrog ntau dua 1700 rab phom thiab phom, ntau txog 50 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom tua phom, thiab txog 100 lub dav hlau.
Cov lus hais hauv German siab tseem xav kom khaws Sevastopol fortress ntawm tus nqi. Hitler ntshai tias kev poob ntawm Sevastopol yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv Qaib Cov Txwv txoj haujlwm (), uas twb tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau qhov poob ntawm feem ntau ntawm Crimea. Tias Ankara yuav hla mus rau sab ntawm kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv German pab pawg, uas yuav kaw Hiav Txwv Dub rau qhov thib peb Reich. Tsis tas li, qhov kawg poob ntawm Sevastopol tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev nom kev tswv nrog Romania thiab Bulgaria. Lub Crimea xav tau los ntawm cov tub rog rog. Ib qho ntxiv, kev tiv thaiv tawv ncauj ntawm Sevastopol fortress khi ib pawg tseem ceeb ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Liab, uas, tom qab ntes Sevastopol, Lavxias cov lus txib tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lwm qhov sai.
Yog li ntawd, qhia kev ua xyem xyav txog qhov ua tau zoo ntxiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub nroog, tus thawj coj ntawm 17th Army Jenecke tau raug hu mus rau lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm rau tsab ntawv tshaj tawm thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1 thiab tshem tawm ntawm kev hais kom ua. Tus thawj coj ntawm 5th Army Corps, Almendinger, tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm 17th Army. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 3, tus thawj coj tshiab ntawm 17th Army tau hais kom tiv thaiv "txhua nti ntawm Sevastopol choj taub hau."
Tau qhov twg los: I. Moshchansky. Cov teeb meem ntawm kev dim
Pib ntawm kev txiav txim siab ua phem
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 5, 1944, tom qab 1, 5 teev ntawm cov phom loj nyob rau sab qaum teb, Pab Pawg Tiv Thaiv Thib Ob ntawm 4th UV tau mus rau kev ua phem. Kev tawm tsam yog txhua lub sijhawm txhawb nqa los ntawm kev siv rab phom loj thiab tua huab cua, tshwj xeeb yog cov dav hlau tua. Kev siv pab pawg ua phem me me (20 - 25 tus neeg sib ntaus txhua tus) tau them tawm. Cov neeg tiv thaiv Soviet tau koom nrog lawv tus kheej hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Nazis hauv thaj chaw ntawm Mekenzievy Gory chaw nres tsheb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg German tau tawm tsam rov ua phem thiab ua ntej tsis raug. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 6, cov neeg tiv thaiv tseem tab tom tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm, nrog kev txhawb nqa muaj zog los ntawm rab phom loj thiab dav hlau. Tab sis cov neeg German tau ntxiv dag zog rau lawv cov kev tiv thaiv, tas li tawm tsam. Yog li ntawd, Pab Pawg Tiv Thaiv Thib Ob tau nce qib txawm tias tsawg dua - 100 - 400 meters hauv qee thaj chaw.
Yog li, kev tiv thaiv ntawm German 336th Infantry Division ntawm Major General Hageman, uas tau txhawb nqa los ntawm chav nyob ntawm 50th Infantry thiab 2nd Romanian Rifle Riam Phom Phom, pab tub rog tub rog, tau tiv thaiv qhov tawg ntawm 2nd Guards Army. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv cheeb tsam Mekenzievy Gory cuam tshuam rau German cov lus txib los ntawm cov haujlwm sab qab teb, qhov kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb tau npaj hauv Sapun-Gora, Karan.
Kev tawg ntawm thaj tsam tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab
Tej zaum 7, 1944 ntawm 10.30 sawv ntxov tom qab 1, 5 teev ntawm kev npaj phom loj thiab kev tawm tsam huab cua, cov tub rog ntawm 4th UV pib ua phem rau ntawm Sapun Roob. Txhawm rau txhawm rau hla kev tiv thaiv German uas muaj zog (Nazis muaj nyob ntawm no 6 - 8 lub thawv ntim khoom thiab bunkers rau 1 km ntawm sab xub ntiag), Soviet cov lus txib tau siv lub nrig rab phom loj: los ntawm 205 txog 258 cov phom loj thiab cov phom ciam av rau 1 km ntawm sab xub ntiag. Hauv qhov kev taw qhia no, 3 tawm ntawm 4 tus tiv thaiv cuaj pawg tub rog M-31, 8 tawm ntawm 10 tus neeg tiv thaiv cov tshuaj khib, 3 cais cov neeg tiv thaiv cov pob zeb pob zeb pob zeb ua haujlwm sib cais. Cov kws tsav dav hlau ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 8 tau ua 2105 kev xaiv hnub ntawd.
Kev tiv thaiv ntau txheej ntawm Sapun Roob cua daj cua dub ntu ntawm 63rd Rifle Corps ntawm Koshevoy thiab 11th Guards Rifle Corps ntawm Rozhdestvensky. Kev sib ntaus yog tawv ncauj heev. Cov tub rog Soviet yuav tsum cia li tom mus rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab qhov kev tiv thaiv, sib sau ua ke nrog cov neeg German hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Trenches dhau ntawm tes mus rau tes. Cov Nazis tawm tsam hnyav heev. Rau cuaj teev kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav kawg. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, German 5th Army Corps tsis tuaj yeem sawv nws. Kev ntes ntawm Sapun Roob thiab tag nrho cov roob tau txiav txim siab ua ntej ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov tub rog German thiab kev tso tawm ntawm Sevastopol.
Tom qab qhov kev ua tsis tau zoo ntawm kev tawm tsam hmo ntuj nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev rov ua haujlwm ntawm Sapun Roob, German lus txib, ntshai tsam ib puag ncig, tau pib thim cov tub rog mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm Sab Qaum Teb Bay, uas yog, hauv ntu ntawm Pab Pawg Saib Xyuas Thib Ob. Cov neeg German tau npaj los ntxiv dag zog rau txoj haujlwm yav qab teb ntawm lub hauv ntej txhawm rau tuav kom txog thaum kev khiav tawm. Cov Nazis tau nce kev khiav tawm ntawm lub nroog. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 8, tus thawj coj ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb Ukraine, Ferdinand Schörner, thov Hitler lub hauv paus chaw khiav tawm, vim tias kev tiv thaiv ntxiv ntawm Sevastopol dhau los ua tsis tau. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 9, tau txais kev tso cai zoo li no. Kev khiav tawm tau tshwm sim los ntawm Kamyshovaya thiab Kazachya bays, ze Cape Cape Chersonesos.
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 8, thaum hnub kawg, cov neeg tiv thaiv tau mus txog rau Northern Bay. Ib feem ntawm 51st Cov Tub Rog, tsoo dhau txoj kab sab nraud ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv, tau mus txog sab hauv ib puag ncig ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Sevastopol. Cov tub rog ntawm Primorsky Army tau coj Karan Heights thiab tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev qhia ntawm 19th Panzer Corps mus rau hauv kev kov yeej, uas yuav tsum tau nce mus rau hauv kev coj ntawm Cape Chersonesos, Kruglaya, Omega, Kamyshovaya thiab Kazachya bays.
Cov tub rog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Primorsky Boulevard hauv Sevastopol
Soviet tank T-34-76 ntawm txoj kev hauv nroog thaum sib ntaus sib tua rau kev dim ntawm Sevastopol
Cov tub rog Soviet nkag mus rau hauv kev ywj pheej Sevastopol ze ntawm chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau
Cov tub rog German swb rau ntawm txoj kev ntawm Sevastopol
Kev ua tiav ntawm kev dim ntawm Sevastopol
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 9, 1944, kev tiv thaiv ntawm pab tub rog German thaum kawg tau tawg. Ib feem ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv hla dhau Bay Sab Hnub Tuaj los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab, hla nws cov ntug dej hiav txwv sab qab teb, suav nrog cov tub rog ntawm 51st pab tub rog, tso lub Nkoj Nkoj Sab. Thaum 17 teev sawv ntxov cov neeg saib xyuas tau hla hla Northern Bay. Cov tub rog ntawm Primorsky pab tub rog, tsoo kev tawm tsam ntawm Nazis, tau mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Rudolfov kev sib hais haum - Otradny. Cov Chav ntawm Cov Phom Roob Roob Roob Thib Peb thiab Cov Phom Rifle 16, txhawb los ntawm 19th Panzer Corps, thaum lub Tsib Hlis 9 tau ua lawv txoj hauv kev raws li German txoj kev khiav tawm. Cov neeg German nyob ntawm no tseem tawm tsam hnyav, tawm tsam, npog qhov kev thim tawm ntawm lub zog tseem ceeb.
Txog thaum kawg ntawm Lub Tsib Hlis 9, 1944, tom qab 3-hnub txiav txim siab ua phem, peb cov tub rog tau dim Sevastopol. Thaum 1 teev sawv ntxov Lub Tsib Hlis 10, Moscow tau hais lus zoo rau cov tub rog-tso tawm ntawm Sevastopol nrog 24 lub suab los ntawm 324 phom. Txhua tus Russia zoo siab! Lub nroog ntawm Lavxias lub yeeb koob tau raug tso tawm!
Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib ntaus txuas ntxiv mus. Cov neeg German tau mob siab rau txoj kab "xwm txheej", uas tseem tau npaj tau zoo thiab muaj zog ntxiv. Nws tau tiv thaiv los ntawm pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua, tsim los ntawm cov seem ntawm ntau pawg, ceg ntawm pab tub rog thiab kev pabcuam. Cov neeg German tau rub mus rau thaj tsam no txhua yam riam phom uas tseem nyob hauv pab pawg Sevastopol. Qhov ceev ntawm cov phom loj hauv qee qhov chaw tau txog 100 lub thoob rau ib mais, cov khoom siv mos txwv tau txwv. Ntawm txoj kab kev tiv thaiv tuav txog 30 txhiab tus tub rog. Lawv yuav tsum txwv tsis pub cov neeg Lavxias tawm tsam kom tshem tawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb los ntawm thaj tsam Cape Chersonesos mus rau Romania los ntawm hiav txwv.
Cov tub rog ntawm 393rd Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog tau cog tus chij tub rog nyob hauv kev ywj pheej Sevastopol
Tso tsheb hlau luam T-34 ntawm txoj kev dim Sevastopol
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 9, thaum yav tsaus ntuj, rab phom Soviet tau pib tua lub tshav dav hlau nkaus xwb los ntawm cov neeg German nyob hauv Cheeb Tsam cheeb tsam. Cov neeg tua neeg German kawg tau tawm mus rau Romania. Cov tub rog German tau tawm mus yam tsis muaj cua npog, txij li cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm tshav dav hlau hauv Romania tsis tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem no. Hmo ntuj ntawm Tsib Hlis 11, Cov Neeg German tau khiav tawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm thiab hais kom ua ntawm pab tub rog 17th. Hauv cheeb tsam Chersonesos tseem muaj txog 50 txhiab tus neeg. Kev khiav tawm tau cuam tshuam, thiab pib tsis meej pem. Cov nkoj tuaj nrog cov khoom siv mos txwv los tiv thaiv lub nroog, lawv yuav tsum raug pov tseg. Ntau lub dav hlau dej, nyob hauv qhov hluav taws kub hnyiab thiab vim huab cua tsoo, sab laug yam tsis muaj lub nra hnyav. Cov neeg coob coob ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv qhov chaw nruj thiab kev nkag los ntawm pab pawg tshiab ua rau nws nyuaj rau thauj mus los. Hmo ntuj ntawm Tsib Hlis 11, kev ntshai pib. Cov tub rog caij nkoj hla lub nkoj, tawm tsam rau rooj zaum ntawm lawv. Tus thawj ntawm cov nkoj tau tawm ntawm qhov chaw tsis tau ua tiav kev thauj khoom, ntshai tias lawv yuav poob.
Yog li, kev khiav tawm ntawm pab tub rog German-Romanian tau tshwm sim hauv qhov xwm txheej nyuaj heev. Cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Sevastopol tau ploj lawm. Soviet aerial reconnaissance kuaj pom cov yeeb ncuab convoys ntawm hiav txwv. Lub nkoj tau tawm tsam los ntawm dav hlau Lavxias raws txoj kev tag nrho. Kev tsaws hauv nkoj tau nqa ncaj qha rau hauv hiav txwv pem hauv ntej ntawm Cape Chersonesos, nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub ntawm Soviet rab phom loj thiab thaum huab cua tawm tsam. Cov neeg tua hluav taws thiab tua dav hlau tau ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, tua ntawm lub nkoj nrog riam phom hauv nkoj thiab tso cov foob pob tawg. Nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem tsaws thaum nruab hnub.
Ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Nkoj ntawm Peb Lub Reich, Grand Admiral Dönitz, 190 lub nkoj German thiab Romanian, thauj thiab ntau lub nkoj, uas tuaj yeem nqa hauv nkoj ntau dua 80 txhiab tus neeg, mus rau hiav txwv kom tshem tawm tshuav cov tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov pib ntawm 8-point cua daj cua dub thwarted lub lag luam. Qee lub nkoj rov qab los, lwm tus nres, thiab lwm tus tau ncua sijhawm. Tus thawj coj ntawm kev khiav tawm, Rear Admiral Schultz, tau txav nws los ntawm 11 txog 12 Tsib Hlis. Tab sis vim muaj pa luam yeeb thiab hluav taws kub heev, ua rau lub foob pob thiab cua daj cua dub, tsaws tau nyuaj heev lossis txawm tias tsis yooj yim sua. Lub nkoj German-Romanian raug kev txom nyem hnyav.
Hmo ntuj ntawm Tsib Hlis 12, Cov tub ceev xwm txawj ntse hauv tebchaws Soviet tau pom tias cov tub rog German tau txais kev xaj los ntawm 4 teev sawv ntxov kom tawm kab kawg rau kev khiav tawm mus rau Cape Chersonesos. Cov lus txib hauv tebchaws Soviet tau txiav txim siab pib ua phem hmo ntuj rau cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm txhawm rau cuam tshuam kev khiav tawm ntawm cov seem ntawm pab tub rog German. Thaum 3 teev sawv ntxov, tom qab siv rab phom me tua, cov tub rog Soviet tau tawm tsam zaum kawg ntawm cov haujlwm German. Nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm aviation thiab tiv thaiv mortars, kev tiv thaiv ntawm pab tub rog German tau tawg. Kev nrhiav tus yeeb ncuab pib.
Kev tawm tsam Soviet thwarted kev khiav tawm ntawm cov seem ntawm cov tub rog German. Ntau lub nkoj nyob hauv cov bays tau poob los ntawm cov phom loj thiab cov cua tawm tsam. Yog li, thaum kev khiav tawm, feem ntau ntawm Romanian Dub Hiav Txwv flotilla (txog li 2/3 ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg) tau raug puas tsuaj. Txog thaum 12 teev sawv ntxov Lub Tsib Hlis 12, 1944, peb cov tub rog tau ua tiav kev ntes cov tub rog German-Romanian uas tseem tshuav. Ntau tshaj 21 txhiab tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm tau raug kaw. Ntawm cov neeg raug kaw yog tus thawj coj ntawm 73rd Infantry thiab 111th Infantry Division, Lieutenant General Boehme thiab Major General Gruner. Tus thawj coj ntawm 336th Infantry Division, Major General Hageman, raug tua. Thaum sib ntaus thaum lub Tsib Hlis 7-12, Cov tub rog German poob ntau dua 20 txhiab tus neeg raug tua. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau ntes ntau ntau ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog.
Cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub Nkoj ntawm Nkoj sab ntawm kev dim Sevastopol
Cov tub rog Soviet tau qhuas nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Sevastopol. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab yog lub nkoj thauj khoom "Prodromos", thiab tom qab nws mus rau sab xis ntawm lub nkoj loj "Gunther". Cov nkoj no tau tuaj txog hauv Sevastopol thaum lub Tsib Hlis 9 raws li ib feem ntawm Parsival convoy kom tshem tawm cov tub rog German thiab raug rhuav tshem los ntawm Soviet cov phom loj.
Cov neeg nyob hauv Sevastopol ntsib cov tub rog-tso tawm. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab yog tus thawj coj ntawm 11th Guards Rifle Corps, General S. E. Rozhdestvensky thiab tus thawj coj ntawm 414th Anapa Red Banner Rifle Division, General V. S. Dzabakhidze. Qhov chaw yees duab:
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntawm Crimean tau ua tiav. Yog xyoo 1941 - 1942. Nws tau siv Wehrmacht 250 hnub los coj Sevastopol, tom qab ntawd xyoo 1944 Lavxias pab tub rog xav tau 35 hnub txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov pab pawg Crimean muaj zog thiab tshem tawm thaj av ntawm Nazis. Cov tub rog Soviet tsoo cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv ntawm Perekop, Sivash, ntawm Kerch Peninsula thiab coj Sevastopol los ntawm cua daj cua dub. Cov tub rog German 17th tau swb lawm. German-Romanian poob ntau txog 140 txhiab tus tib neeg (suav nrog cov neeg raug tua ntawm nkoj), suav nrog ntau dua 61, 5 txhiab tus neeg raug kaw. Soviet poob (pab tub rog thiab tub rog) thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntau dua 84 txhiab tus neeg raug tua thiab raug mob.
Russia tau xa rov qab ib cheeb tsam kev lag luam tseem ceeb rau lub tebchaws. Cov tub rog Soviet tau tshem tawm ib qho tseem ceeb foothold ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, uas tau hem lub nraub qaum thiab flank ntawm pab pawg ua haujlwm ntawm Txoj Cai Lij Choj ntawm Ukraine, lub hauv paus ntawm German Air Force thiab Navy. Lub Nkoj Hiav Txwv Dub tau rov ua nws lub hauv paus tseem ceeb thiab rov muaj kev tswj hwm hauv Hiav Txwv Dub. Kev poob ntawm Crimea los ntawm cov neeg German ua rau muaj kev tsis zoo tshwm sim hauv Romania, Bulgaria thiab Qaib Cov Txwv.
P. P. Sokolov-Skalya. Liberation ntawm Sevastopol los ntawm Soviet Army. Tej zaum 1944
