Georgian "kev ywj pheej"
Cov koom pheej ywj pheej ntawm Georgia tau tshaj tawm thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1918, tom qab kev sib tsoo ntawm Transcaucasian Republic. Tsoomfwv tau coj los ntawm Georgia Mensheviks. Ntawm lawv yog cov neeg muaj nuj nqis uas yav dhau los ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv Petrograd, cov neeg hloov pauv tseem ceeb xws li Chkheidze, Tsereteli thiab Jordania. Hauv Georgia, txawm li cas los xij, Cov Social Democrats no tau pib ua raws txoj cai hauv tebchaws.
Hauv txoj cai txawv teb chaws, Tiflis tau sim tso siab rau cov neeg sab nrauv: ua ntej, Georgia tau nyob hauv German pab tub rog. Thiab tom qab kev swb ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees hauv kev ua tsov rog ntiaj teb, cov neeg German tau tawm hauv lub tebchaws, lawv qhov chaw txij thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1918 raug coj los ntawm Entente. Txhawm rau daws kev sib raug zoo nrog Turks, thaum Lub Rau Hli Tiflis tau muab ib feem ntawm thaj av Georgia, suav nrog Adjara. Xyoo 1919, Batumi thiab Batumi koog tsev kawm ntawv tau dhau los ua cov neeg nyiam Askiv. Batumi tau rov qab los rau Georgia.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg hauv tebchaws Georgia tau sim them nyiaj rau thaj av poob ntawm ciam teb nrog Qaib Cov Txwv hauv lwm cov lus qhia. Yog li, cov neeg Georgians tau nias rau Armenia thiab tau tuav tag nrho cov cheeb tsam tsis sib haum, hais tias cov neeg Armenians tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub xeev muaj peev xwm, yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum ntxiv dag zog rau Georgia.
Tsis tas li, Georgia "sib npaug" nws cov ciam teb ntawm tus nqi ntawm haiv neeg tsawg - Ossetians, Lezgins, Adjarians, Türks -Tatars, Armenians. Cov "haiv neeg tsawg" no suav nrog ntau dua 50% ntawm cov pej xeem cov pej xeem. Tsis muaj leej twg ntawm cov neeg no tau txais txoj cai los txiav txim siab tus kheej thiab txawm tias yog txoj cai rau kev coj noj coj ua zoo nrog kev kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv ua lawv hom lus.
Cov neeg tseem ceeb Georgian pib nthuav mus rau Russia. Cov tub rog Georgian nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm General Mazniev kov yeej Reds thiab nyob hauv Abkhazia. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1918, cov neeg Georgians nyob hauv Gagra, Sochi thiab Tuapse. Cov neeg ntxeem tau plundered Cheeb Tsam Sochi. Kev ua tiav ntawm Georgians tau yooj yim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Red detachments ntawm Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic tau tibneeg hu tauj coob tiv thaiv White Guard.
Russophobia tau loj hlob hauv Georgia, kev ntxub rau txhua yam lus Lavxias. Ntau txhiab leej neeg (suav nrog cov tub rog yav dhau los, cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov neeg ua haujlwm) tau tawm mus yam tsis tau ua haujlwm thiab tsis muaj txoj hauv kev ua neej nyob, raug tshem tawm txoj cai pov npav, raug ntes, raug ntiab tawm thiab yuam ua pej xeem. Cov av uas yog los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias tau raug txeeb. Cov neeg Lavxias tau tsav mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub lossis raws txoj Kev Loj Tub Rog hauv Georgia.
Thaum sib tham nrog tsoomfwv ntawm Pawg Tub Rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Russia, cov neeg Georgians tau hais kom suav nrog Hauv Cheeb Tsam Sochi rau hauv Georgia. Dawb tsis kam lees. Thiab thaum pib xyoo 1919, Sochi thiab Gagra tau rov ua dua. Yog li, Denikin cov tub rog tau cawm Sochi thiab Tuapse rau Russia (Yuav ua li cas Georgia tau sim txeeb chaw Sochi; Yuav ua li cas Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb tau kov yeej cov neeg Georgian txeeb chaw).
Qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tswj hwm tebchaws
Tom qab swb ntawm Pab Pawg Dawb nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Russia thiab North Caucasus, cov laj thawj ntawm cov xwm txheej tau coj Moscow thiab South Caucasus. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau tshem tawm Txoj Cai Transcaucasian ua yeeb ncuab rau Soviet Russia, "pacify" Baku, Erivan thiab Tiflis, thiab xa Caucasian cov tswv yim ciam teb rau lub tebchaws.
Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1920, 11th Army tau ua haujlwm Baku (Baku "blitzkrieg" ntawm Red Army). Tsoomfwv Azerbaijani, uas tau ua lag luam tag nrho hauv nws txoj cai txawv tebchaws thiab hauv tebchaws, tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav. Azerbaijan tau nrawm Sovietized, Azerbaijan SSR tau tshaj tawm.
Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1920, cov tub rog Turkish tua yeej Armenia. Cov Armenians poob tag nrho txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, lawv cov tub rog ua haujlwm tsis muaj nyob (Yuav ua li cas Qaib Cov Txwv tawm tsam Armenia; Armenian swb).
Ib nthwv dej tshiab ntawm kev tua neeg tsis ncaj ncees tau nthuav tawm, kaum tawm txhiab tus neeg Armenians raug tua pov tseg. Cov Turks tau pib tawm tsam Yerevan. Muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm Armenian lub xeev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tebchaws.
Qhov kawg ntawm Kaum Ib Hlis, kev tawm tsam Bolshevik pib hauv Armenia. Cov neeg ntxeev siab tau thov kev pab los ntawm Red Army thiab thov kom tsim kom muaj zog Soviet nyob hauv Armenia. Cov tub rog Soviet thib 11 tau nkag mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Armenia. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2, tsoomfwv Armenian ntawm Armenia tau lees txais qhov kawg ntawm tsoomfwv ntawm RSFSR - Armenia tau tshaj tawm tias yog kev ywj pheej Socialist Soviet Republic nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm RSFSR.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 4, Red Army nkag mus rau Erivan. Qaib ntxhw khaws thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Kars, thiab xa Alexandropol mus rau Armenian SSR.
Nws yog qhov tseeb tias Georgia yuav yog tom ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, Soviet Russia tsis khoom ntau heev los tawm tsam Poland thiab Wrangel cov tub rog Lavxias. Qhov no ncua sijhawm Sovietization ntawm Georgia raws li qhov xwm txheej hauv Azerbaijani.
Kev txiav txim siab txog qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo ntawm nom tswv, Tiflis thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1920 pib kev sib tham nrog kev thaj yeeb nrog RSFSR. Tsoomfwv Georgia tau cog lus tias yuav tshem tawm kev sib raug zoo nrog Lavxias kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, thim cov tub rog txawv tebchaws los ntawm Georgia, thiab raug cai Bolshevik cov koomhaum. S. M. tau raug xaiv los ua tus muaj zog. Kirov. Pawg Communist ntawm Georgia tau tsim nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis. Bolsheviks tau tawm hauv av thiab pib npaj rau kev tawm tsam.
Hauv Moscow lub sijhawm ntawd muaj ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov xwm txheej hauv Georgia.
Lenin tsis tau txiav txim siab tawm qhov kev pom zoo nrog Georgian Mensheviks. Georgia tsis suav nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj cai txawv teb chaws ntawm RSFSR. Tom qab kev thaj yeeb nrog Poland thiab yeej ntawm Wrangel, tsis muaj kev phom sij los ntawm Georgia. Thiab koj tuaj yeem tos.
Trotsky tau tawm tswv yim txog lub sijhawm npaj rau hauv Sovietization ntawm Georgia txhawm rau txhim kho kev tawm tsam thiab tom qab ntawd los rau nws pab.
Cov tog ntawm "Soviet hawks" tau coj los ntawm Stalin, Ordzhonikidze thiab Kirov. Lawv ntseeg tias thaj chaw thaj tsam ntawm Georgia, nws cov peev txheej thiab kev sib txuas lus yog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb rau kev ntxiv dag zog rau Russia txoj haujlwm hauv Caucasus. Lawv tawm tswv yim tam sim Sovietization ntawm Georgia.
Lawv tau tawm tsam los ntawm Trotsky, uas ntshai tsam tsis zoo rau txoj cai txawv teb chaws.
Ordzhonikidze thiab Kirov txuas ntxiv tso siab rau Lenin. Raws li lawv, Georgia tau dhau los ua lub zes ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, thiab tau pab cov yeeb ncuab ntawm Soviet koom pheej.
Tus thawj coj ntawm 11th Soviet Army, Gekker, txhawb nqa "hawks". Thaum Lub Ib Hlis xyoo 1921, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv Georgia tau ob zaug coj mus rau Lub Rooj Sab Laj ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Hauv Paus ntawm Pawg Sab Laj. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 12, qhov teeb meem ntawm Sovietization ntawm Georgia tau suav tias yog ntxov ntxov, thiab thaum Lub Ib Hlis 26, lawv tau npaj ua ntej.
Tiflis kev ua haujlwm
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 6, 1921, tus thawj coj ntawm Caucasian Front, Gittis, tau hais kom tsim pab pawg ntawm Tiflis cov lus qhia raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm Velikanov (20 thiab 9 kev faib phom, 12 pawg tub rog sib tua, 54th phom thiab Armenian pab tub rog tub rog., tshwj xeeb rog, thiab lwm yam) thiab lwm yam). Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 11, kev tawm tsam tawm tsam tsoomfwv Jordania, teeb tsa los ntawm Bolsheviks hauv nroog, tau pib hauv Armenian thiab Lavxias kev sib hais haum ntawm cheeb tsam Borchali. Nws kis mus rau thaj tsam Lori, uas tau tshaj tawm tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tom qab Tsov Rog Armenian-Georgian. Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm Red Army.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 12, Soviet cov tub rog pib txav los ntawm thaj av Sochi, los ntawm Azerbaijan thiab Armenia.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 15, 1921, Pawg Neeg Tawm Tswv Yim ntawm Georgia, coj los ntawm Makharadze, tau thov rau tsoomfwv Soviet rau kev pab ua tub rog.
Lenin tau xa cov lus qhia mus rau Pawg Thawj Saib Xyuas Tub Rog Tawm Tsam ntawm Caucasian Front kom muab kev pabcuam rau cov neeg tawm tsam, "Tsis tau nres ua ntej ntes Tiflis."
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog qhov kev tawm tsam hnyav los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm 11th Army ntawm Gekker thiab cov neeg ntxeev siab tawm ntawm Tiflis los ntawm sab qab teb thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, pab pawg Terka ntawm Kobi thiab Kutais los ntawm sab qaum teb, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm chav nyob ntawm 9th Cov tub rog mus los ntawm thaj tsam Gagra mus rau Sukhum, kov yeej lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm pab tub rog Georgia thiab coj Tiflis.
Cov tub rog ntawm 9th Army kuj tseem yuav txiav tawm Georgia los ntawm kev pab tau los ntawm hiav txwv los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Entente.
Txawm li cas los xij, pawg Terek tau raug kaw ntawm qhov hla vim muaj daus hnyav. Thiab pab tub rog thib 9 tau nce mus qeeb vim yog cov tawv ncauj tsis kam tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab, vam khom cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo.
Yog li ntawd, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm tau ua los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog 11: kwv yees li 40 txhiab tus mos txwv thiab sabers, txog 200 phom thiab ntau tshaj 1,000 phom tshuab, 7 lub tsheb hlau phom, 8 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tsheb tiv thaiv, 50 lub dav hlau. Ntxiv rau cov neeg ntxeev siab liab.
Cov tub rog Georgian nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm General Kvinitadze (tus qub tub rog ntawm Lavxias pab tub rog tsarist), tsim los ntawm kev pab los ntawm cov neeg German, kws tshaj lij tub rog Lavxias thiab Entente, suav txog 50 txhiab tus tub rog, 122 phom thiab ntau dua 1200 lub tshuab phom, 4 lub tsheb ciav hlau tiv thaiv, 16 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tsheb tiv thaiv, 56 lub dav hlau.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 16, Soviet cov tub rog hla ciam teb Georgia thiab nyob hauv lub zos Shulavery thiab Choj liab ntawm tus dej. Cov tuam tsev
Nyob rau hnub ntxov ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Tiflis pawg tseem ceeb (9th, 18th, 20, 32nd thiab 12th pawg tub rog sib cais, Armenian pab tub rog tub rog, ntxeev siab) thiab pab pawg (pab tub rog thib 18 ntawm Zhloba, taug kev hla Kodori hla), tsim maj mam.
Cov xwm txheej huab cua (los daus hnyav) cuam tshuam, riam phom hnyav poob qab. Cov neeg Georgians tau rhuav tshem txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Poilinsky ntawm tus dej. Algeti, tsis tso cai rau cov tsheb ciav hlau tiv thaiv liab tsoo los ntawm, thiab sim tawm tsam nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau npog thiab dav hlau.
Tom qab rov kho dua tus choj (22nd), rov sib sau ua ke ntawm pab tub rog thiab nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm sab xis ntawm 12 Cavalry Division (kom hla dhau lub peev Georgian los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj), kev tawm tsam pib tsim sai.
Kev siv cov tub rog loj heev (ob qhov kev faib ua feem) hauv cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ua pov thawj kom ua tiav. Cov tub rog tau nce qib feem ntau ntawm txoj kev thiab siv kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zej zog.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 19-20, Cov tub rog Georgian tau tawm tsam hauv cheeb tsam Kodzhar thiab Saganluga sab qab teb ntawm Tbilisi. Nyob rau hnub tim 20, Pawg Tub Rog thib 11 sab laug tau nyob hauv Manglis (30 km sab hnub poob ntawm Georgia lub peev), hem lub nraub qaum ntawm pab pawg Tiflis ntawm Georgians.
Txog Lub Ob Hlis 23, hauv kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj, cov yeeb ncuab tsis kam ua haujlwm ntawm Kodzhorsky thiab Yaguldzhinsky tau tawg. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 24, cov tub rog ntawm Tub Rog 11 tau tsim kev hem thawj los puag ncig Tiflis pab pawg ntawm Georgians.
Tsoomfwv Jordania tau khiav mus rau Kutaisi.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 25, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau nkag mus rau hauv Georgia lub peev uas cov yeeb ncuab tso tseg. Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Txawj Ntse ntawm Georgia tau hloov pauv mus rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tib Neeg Txoj Cai ntawm Georgia SSR. Tom qab kev swb ntawm lub peev, Menshevik cov tub rog tau ua tsis ncaj ncees tag nrho, kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tau tawg. Lub zog Soviet tau tshaj tawm txhua qhov txhia chaw.
Lub caij no, cov tub rog ntawm 9th Soviet Army tau nce qib hauv Abkhazia.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 18, Pawg Neeg Tawm Tswv Yim ntawm Abkhazia tau tsim hauv Sukhumi (Zhvania, Tsaguria, Sverdlov).
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 23, Reds tau coj lub nroog Gagra, ntawm 25 - Lykhny, nyob rau 26th - Gudauta.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 28, Cov tub rog Georgia, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov nkoj ntawm Entente, tau rov qab Gagra.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1, Reds tau nyob dua Gagra.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 3, Soviet pab tub rog thiab Abkhaz ntxeev siab kov yeej cov neeg Georgians ze Novy Afon.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 4, Sukhum raug coj mus, Abkhaz SSR tau tshaj tawm.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 5, Soviet cov tub rog, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm Ossetian cov neeg ntxeev siab, nyob Tskhinvali. Lub zog Soviet tau tsim nyob hauv South Ossetia.
Cov seem ntawm Menshevik cov tub rog tau khiav mus rau qhov chaw tsis yooj yim lossis raug tshem tawm los ntawm hiav txwv. Kev cia siab rau kev pab nquag los ntawm Fab Kis thiab Askiv tsis tau ua tiav.
Tsoomfwv tau khiav mus rau Fabkis.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm Kutaisi thiab Batumi tom ntej, Pawg Tub Rog liab tau tso tag nrho thaj av ntawm Georgia thaum kawg Lub Peb Hlis 1921.
Qaib Cov Txwv dhau los ua qee qhov teeb meem, uas thaum Lub Ob Hlis 23 tau nthuav tawm lub sijhawm kawg rau Georgia thiab thov kom Ardahan thiab Artvin raug xa mus rau nws. Tsoomfwv Georgian raug yuam kom ua tawm thiab cov Turks nkag mus rau thaj tsam ciam teb. Tom qab ntawd cov Turks nyob Batum, uas yog 18th Cavalry Division of Redneck tau nce qib.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 16, 1921, Txoj Cai Lij Choj Moscow tau kos npe ntawm RSFSR thiab Qaib Cov Txwv (tsoomfwv Kemal Ataturk).
Batum thiab sab qaum teb ntawm cheeb tsam Batumi tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Georgian SSR.
Sab qab teb ntawm cheeb tsam Batumi (Artvin) tseem nyob nrog Turks.
