Txog thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, kev ya dav hlau twb yog ib qho kev hem thawj loj rau cov nkoj loj. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab huab cua, ntau qhov piv txwv ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau txais los ntawm Lavxias Imperial Fleet.
Thaum pib, rau kev tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tua hluav taws, tam sim no muaj ntau qhov tseem ceeb "phom tiv thaiv kuv lub phom" tau hloov pauv: 47-mm Hotchkiss, 57-mm Nordenfeld thiab 75-mm Kane rab phom.
Tom qab ntawd, qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim Lender anti-aircraft gun arr. 1914/15
Ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tub Rog, lub kaum sab xis ntawm rab phom tsim los ntawm Putilov cog tau nce mus rau + 75 °. Phom muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo rau nws lub sijhawm: kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hluav taws 10-12 rds / min, thaj tsam li 7000 m, nce mus txog qhov siab txog 4000 m.
Tsis tas li ntawd, 40-mm automatic Vickers phom tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab 37-mm Maxim tsis siv phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tsim los ntawm Obukhov cog, yuav hauv tebchaws Askiv, nkag mus ua haujlwm. Txog thaum kawg xyoo 1916, cov nkoj hauv Baltic thiab Black Sea muaj plaub caug 40-mm Vickers rab phom.
40-mm Vickers rab phom
Ob lub tshuab tau zoo sib xws hauv kev tsim. Kev teeb tsa tuaj yeem ua hluav taws kub ncig, nrog kev nce ntawm -5 txog + 80 °. Khoom noj - los ntawm kab xev rau 25 puag ncig. Cov cartridges tau ntim nrog cov khoom tawg nrog lub 8- lossis 16-thib ob lub raj nyob deb. Tus nqi hluav taws kub yog 250-300 rds / min. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm cov hom no nyuaj thiab kim rau kev tsim khoom, thiab muaj kev ntseeg tau qis.
37-mm Maxim rab phom tshuab hauv Artillery Museum
Tsis ntev tom qab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg, peb lub nkoj tsis muaj phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Yuav luag 20 xyoo, lub hauv paus ntawm lub nkoj tiv thaiv huab cua yog 76-mm rab phom thiab 7, 62-mm tshuab phom.
Hauv 30s, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua tub rog-kev koom tes nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees, cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom tiav ib nrab thiab cov qauv ua haujlwm ntawm 20-mm thiab 37-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau txais. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab tso lawv mus rau hauv cov khoom lag luam ntawm cog No. 8 hauv Podlipki ze Moscow. Tab sis peb txoj kev lag luam tsis tau tswj hwm lawv cov khoom loj.
Raws li kev ntsuas ib ntus, 45-mm semi-automatic rab phom thoob ntiaj teb 21-K tau saws hauv xyoo 1934. Qhov tseeb, nws yog rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank 45 hli ntsia ntawm rab phom tub rog.
Thaum tsis muaj lwm yam phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, rab phom 21-K tau teeb tsa ntawm txhua chav kawm ntawm cov nkoj ntawm Soviet fleet-los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov nkoj thiab cov nkoj submarines mus rau lub nkoj thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov phom no tsis txaus siab rau cov neeg tsav nkoj ib yam li rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Txog qhov no, nws muaj qhov hluav taws kub tsawg (25 teev nyob rau ib feeb) thiab tsis muaj lub fuse nyob deb ntawm lub plhaub, yog li lub hom phiaj tsuas tuaj yeem raug ntaus ncaj qha (uas tsis tshua muaj neeg xav tau). Txog kev tua hauv hiav txwv thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, rab phom tsis muaj zog. Hais txog nws cov yam ntxwv, nws ua haujlwm sib luag rau 47-mm Hotchkiss phom, uas tau tso tawm xyoo 1885.
Txawm hais tias qhov phom no tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tiv thaiv txhua qhov, vim tias kev txiav haujlwm ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntau dua, kev tsim 21-K tau ua tiav thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj, raws li zoo li tom qab nws ua tiav. Ntau tshaj 4,000 ntawm cov phom no tau tsim tawm tag nrho.
Xyoo 1936, cov tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau 76-hli rab phom 34-K tau nkag mus ua haujlwm. Cov qauv ntawm rab phom no yog German thaj tsam tiv thaiv dav hlau tsis siv neeg 75-hli rab phom ntawm lub tuam txhab "Rheinmetall", daim ntawv tso cai tsim khoom uas tau txais los ntawm Soviet Union thaum ntxov 30s, uas tau tsim los ntawm nws lub hauv paus tsim khoom ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom ntawm 3-K hom. Txog thaum kawg ntawm kev tsim khoom xyoo 1942, kwv yees li 250 rab phom tau tsim ntawm Kalinin cog.
76, 2 hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 34-K
Tsis ntev ua ntej pib ua tsov rog, muaj kev vam meej heev 12.7 hli DShK rab phom tshuab tau txais.
Lub tshuab DShK rab phom tau teeb tsa rau ntawm tus tub rog nyob ruaj ruaj ntawm tus ncej, suav nrog lub hauv paus nrog lub hauv paus tig, lub taub hau tig rau txuas rab phom tshuab thiab lub xub pwg nyom, txuas lub hauv caug-nres kom ntseeg tau tias yooj yim ntawm lub hom phiaj rab phom thaum tua ntawm lub hom phiaj nrawm. Lub tshuab rab phom tau pub nrog cov mos txwv, qhov pom thiab cov txheej txheem tua yog tib yam nrog cov tub rog-hom DShK.
Txog rau Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941, peb Lub Nkoj muaj 830 rab phom DShK rab phom ib leeg nyob ntawm cov kem mounts. Thawj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov rog tau qhia pom qhov zoo tshaj ntawm DShK ntau dua 7.62 mm tshuab rab phom. Cov neeg tsav nkoj nkoj tsis xav tham txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm DShK hauv qhov siab: "Kuv yuav tsum tshem riam phom los ntawm cov nkoj uas tuaj txog hauv paus los ntawm hiav txwv thiab muab tso rau hauv nkoj uas mus rau hiav txwv. Kev paub txog kev ua tsov rog tau qhia tias DShK rab phom tshuab hauv lub nkoj tau yeej lub meej mom zoo, tsis muaj lawv cov thawj coj tsis xav mus rau hiav txwv."
Feem ntau ntawm DShKs tau teeb tsa rau ntawm tus ncej, txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog, cov kws tsim qauv hauv tsev tau tsim ntau yam ntxiv ntawm DShK kev teeb tsa, ib leeg thiab ntxaib turret thiab turret teeb tsa tau siv rau hauv nkoj.
Thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg, peb lub nkoj tau txais 4018 DShK rab phom tshuab los ntawm kev lag luam. Lub sijhawm no, Cov Phoojywg xa 92 - 12.7 mm Vickers plaub rab phom tshuab thiab 1611 - 12.7 mm Colt Browning coaxial phom tshuab.
12.7-hli coaxial teeb tsa Colt-Browning rab phom tshuab
Tsis tas li ntawm kev ua tsov rog xyoo 1940, tau siv rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-mm 70-K, tsim los ntawm qhov tsis siv neeg 37-mm 61-K phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Nws tau dhau los ua lub cuab yeej tsis siv neeg tseem ceeb ntawm lub nkoj thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua, kev rhuav tshem thiab nkoj caij nkoj; hauv xyoo ua tsov rog, tag nrho ntawm 1,671 cov phom loj no tau txais los ntawm lub nkoj.
Cua txias 70-K yog huab cua, uas yog qhov teeb meem loj. Tom qab 100 txhaj tshuaj, lub thoob cua txias yuav tsum tau hloov pauv (uas siv tsawg kawg 15 feeb), lossis tos kom nws txias li 1 teev. Feem ntau, cov foob pob foob pob thiab cov foob pob tawg tawg tsis tau muab lub sijhawm zoo li no. Ua ke 37-hli dej txias txias phom tiv thaiv dav hlau V-11 nkag rau kev pabcuam tsuas yog tom qab kev ua tsov rog.
Ib qho ntxiv, 45-mm caliber yuav mus ntau rau lub nkoj (xws li kev teeb tsa av tau tsim thiab sim ua tiav), uas yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig ntau ntawm kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tua hluav taws thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov projectile.
Ntxiv rau 37-mm 70-K, Cov Phooj Ywg tau muab 5,500 Asmeskas thiab Canadian 40-mm Bofors, ib feem tseem ceeb uas tau xaus rau hauv Navy.
Hauv lub sijhawm ua rog, kev ya dav hlau yog tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub nkoj. Tsis ntev tom qab muaj kev tawm tsam, peb cov thawj coj hauv nkoj tau nkag siab tias txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev tawm tsam loj los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab torpedo cov foob pob thiab dhia cov foob pob, xav tau hluav taws kub nrawm siv cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 20-25 mm.
Txog qhov no, kev sim tau tsim los tsim kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv tub rog ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm ShVAK thiab VYa cov phom cua, tab sis vim muaj ntau qhov laj thawj, lawv tsis tau nce mus dhau lawv lub nkoj me me thiab nkoj.
20-mm anti-aircraft gun ShVAK
Hauv qhov me me, 25-mm 84-KM kev teeb tsa, tsim los ntawm 72-K pab tub rog tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom tshuab, tab sis nws kuj tseem muaj kev sib pauv zog.
Hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog thib ob, qhov teeb meem no tau daws ib nrab los ntawm cov khoom siv qiv. Hauv USSR, cov phoojywg tau xa xyoo 1993 20-mm phom ntev. "Oerlikons" kuj yog ib feem ntawm kev ua tub rog ntawm cov tub rog nkoj tau muab rau Navy. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tau siv nyob rau Sab Qaum Teb thiab Baltic, tsuas yog 46 ntawm lawv nyob hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Dub ntawm kev ua tub rog.
20-hli anti-aircraft rab phom "Oerlikon"
Cov riam phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm cov tub rog nruab nrab thiab loj kuj suav nrog kev teeb tsa dav dav ntawm 85-100 mm. Hauv kev xav, lawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem tua hluav taws tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, yam tsawg kawg yog lub kaum sab xis nce tau tso cai rau lawv ua qhov no. Tab sis lawv tsis tau ruaj khov, thiab tsis yog txhua lub nkoj uas lawv tau teeb tsa muaj lub hauv paus tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tua hluav taws, uas txo qis lawv cov nqi sib ntaus.
Kev siv phom 85-hli thoob plaws 90-K hloov pauv 76-mm 34-K phom hauv kev tsim khoom. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm ua rog, tsis muaj ntau ntawm lawv tau tsim, tsuas yog kwv yees li 150 rab phom.
Universal 85-mm phom mount 90-K
Hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1930s, USSR tau yuav los ntawm Ltalis 10 100-mm ob-barreled kev teeb tsa tsim los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij-Eugenio Minisini los tuav Svetlana-class cruisers: Krasny Kavkaz, Krasny Krym thiab Chervona Ukraina.
100-mm tsis siv neeg phom me minisini ntawm lub nkoj "Krasny Kavkaz"
Cov kev teeb tsa raug coj los siv phau ntawv tsav tsheb, ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 13 deg / s kab rov tav thiab 7 deg / s ntsug. Kev tua tau ua tiav raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm PUAO. Mus txog qhov siab yog 8500 m. Tus nqi hluav taws 10-12 rds / min.
Tom qab kev tuag ntawm "Chervona Ukrainy", kev teeb tsa raug tshem tawm thiab cov neeg caij nkoj ntxiv tau rov nruab nrog lawv. Txog rau lub sijhawm no, kev teeb tsa twb tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub dav hlau niaj hnub no vim yog lub hom phiaj qis.
Lub nkoj "Chervona" Ukraine
Xyoo 1940, B-34 100-mm ib leeg-barreled universal mount tau txais yuav, uas tau koom ua ke hais txog cov mos txwv nrog 100-mm Minisini. Ua ntej pib kev ua tsov rog, kev lag luam tswj tau tsim 42 rab phom ntawm hom no.
Universal 100-mm installation B-34
Nws muaj lub thoob nrog qhov ntev ntawm 56 calibers, qhov pib ua haujlwm ceev ntawm 900 m / s, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 85 ° thiab tua ntau ntawm cov hom phiaj huab cua ntawm 15,000 m, qab nthab ntawm 10,000 m. cov txheej txheem muab cov lus qhia nrawm txog 12 deg / s. Tus nqi hluav taws - 15 ncig / min.
Thawj B-34s tau teeb tsa ntawm Project 26 cruisers (Kirov) yam tsis muaj hluav taws xob tsav thiab tau ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej. Hauv qhov pom ntawm qhov no, lawv tsuas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hluav taws tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Kev tua hluav taws ntawm 100-mm rab phom tau ua los ntawm "Gorizont" system ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv cov dav hlau tua hluav taws (MPUAZO).
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm peb txhua rab phom 85-100-mm yog qhov tsis muaj hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob-hydraulic tsav thaum ua tsov rog, uas txwv tsis pub siv lub hom phiaj nrawm thiab muaj peev xwm tswj tau hluav taws hauv nruab nrab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev teeb tsa dav dav ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm 88-127 mm hauv lwm lub tebchaws tau muaj lub sijhawm zoo li no.
Cov tub rog Soviet tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj heev hauv kev ua tsov rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thawj lub sijhawm. Qhov kev poob loj tshaj plaws tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm Red Banner Baltic Fleet - ntau dua 130 lub nkoj thiab nkoj submarines, Dej Hiav Txwv Dub - txog 70, Sab Qaum Teb Fleet - txog 60.
Thoob plaws hauv kev ua rog, peb cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua thiab cov neeg caij nkoj tsis muaj kev sib tsoo nrog cov yeeb ncuab nkoj ntawm cov chav kawm zoo sib xws. Feem ntau ntawm cov nkoj loj tau poob los ntawm Luftwaffe. Yog vim li cas rau qhov poob feem ntau yuam kev hauv kev npaj thiab qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dav hlau.
