Cov tub rog zaum kawg ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws, lossis cov tub rog uas muaj npe tom qab Roman legions. Peb tab tom tham txog lub sijhawm thaum, qhov tseeb, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov chav sib ntaus - "regiments", hloov pauv, cov qauv ntawm pab tub rog tau hloov pauv, uas peb tau sau yav dhau los hauv kab lus ntawm "VO" "Cov tub rog thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm Cov tub rog Byzantine ntawm xyoo pua 6."
Ib tus lej txaus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, ob qho kev tshawb fawb thiab txuj ci tseem ceeb, tau mob siab rau qhov teeb meem no. Feem ntau peb tab tom tham txog V Macedonian Legion, tab sis, hauv peb lub tswv yim, qee cov koog tau khiav tawm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Lossis tsis muaj leej twg teeb tsa nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj.
VI caug xyoo ntau tus kws tshawb fawb xav txog lub xyoo pua xeem ntawm cov tub rog Loos. Raws li E. Gibbon sau:
"… hauv cov chaw pw hav zoov ntawm Justinian thiab Mauritius, txoj kev xav ntawm kev kos duab tub rog tsis tau paub zoo dua li hauv cov chaw pw ntawm Caesar thiab Trajan."
Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lub sijhawm kawg ntawm kev muaj nyob ntawm pab tub rog Loos tau cuam tshuam nrog cov xwm txheej xws li kev tuag tom ntej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm tsim lub tebchaws tshiab ntawm Emperor Phocas, nrog rau kev tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab sab nraud. Kev tshem tawm cov lus Latin hauv pab tub rog thiab kev hloov mus rau "pej xeem" - Greek. Kev tsim ntawm ib lub xeev mono-haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg Greek, thiab lwm yam.
Tag nrho cov xwm txheej no tsis tuaj yeem tab sis cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg ploj ntawm cov tub rog qub tub rog thiab lawv cov npe.
Peb twb tau sau txog qee qhov ntawm cov tub rog caij nkoj uas muaj txoj sia nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb tab tom tham txog Tshooj plaub Parthian Regiment of Clibanaries, uas thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua VI. raws li nyob hauv Syria lub nroog Veroe (Halleb). Nws, thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 5, raws li "Cov npe ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm hwm" (Notitia Dignitatum), yog rau Vexillationes comitatenses ntawm tus tswv ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj.
Qhov thib peb Dalmatian ntxhov siab (Equites Tertio Dalmatae) los ntawm Palestine, tus tswv ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj, tau hais nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm Emperor Justinian.
Hauv tebchaws Iziv, tej zaum nyob rau xyoo VI. feem ntau ntawm cov npe teev thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 5 tau muaj txoj sia nyob. Yog li los ntawm daim ntawv papyrus ntawm 550 nws tau paub txog "legion" los ntawm Egyptian Siena. Ala I Herculia, Ala V Raetorum, Ala VII Sarmatarum tau nyob hauv Egyptian Siena raws li "Cov npe ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm hwm".
Hauv tsab xov xwm kawg mob siab rau Roman cov tub rog nyob rau theem tshiab ntawm nws lub neej, peb yuav piav qhia txog ob peb chav nyob uas tau muaj txoj sia nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tsuas yog los ntawm cov peev txheej thiab lawv qhov kev thuam.
Legion ntawm Lanciarii ntawm lub xyoo pua thib 6
Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo pua 5. - pib ntawm lub xyoo pua VI. ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm tus huab tais Anastasius thiab Justin I, yog ib ntawm ob peb tus qub legions, Lanziarii, tau ntsib. Nov yog cov tub rog Roman qub, hais txog qhov uas Ammianus Marcellinus tau sau rov qab rau xyoo pua 4, thaum Legion of Lanciarii thiab Mattiarii, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm kev tshem riam phom me me, tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam.
Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog no tau ntuav hmuv, tab sis, raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, twb nyob rau xyoo pua 4 lawm, nws yog cov tub rog hnyav. Lanciarii, ua tub rog nrog ntuav hmuv, nyob hauv txoj haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm cov kws sau paj huam thiab legionnaires.
Cov tub rog Komitat muaj ntau qhov kev coj ua: raws li "Cov npe ntawm txhua qhov kev qhuas" ntawm lub xyoo pua thib 5, Magister Militum hauv Illyria muaj ob Komitat legions, Lanciarii Augustenses thiab Lanciarii iuniores. Hauv Thrace, Komitat Lanciarii Stobenses: hauv 505, hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Goths thiab pab pawg ntawm Mund, tag nrho pab tub rog ntawm Illyrian tus tswv tau raug tua, suav nrog, tejzaum nws, cov tub rog qub uas tseem tshuav.
Raws li rau Lantiaries nyob rau lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas, peb tab tom tham, feem ntau yuav, txog Palatine, piv txwv li, lub tsev, cov tub rog ntawm Lantiaries ntawm thawj lossis thib ob pab tub rog nthuav qhia. Kev lees paub ncaj qha ntawm kev muaj cov tub rog nyob hauv lub nroog, ntxiv rau cov kws tshawb fawb, yog Theophan cov lus hais txog kev tiv thaiv phab ntsa ntawm lub nroog los ntawm Huns thiab Slavs, nrog rau cov neeg zov, "tub rog" cov lej, nrog rau qhov tseeb tias thaum "xaiv tsa" ntawm Emperor Justinian, tsis yog tsuas yog cov neeg tiv thaiv tau ntxhov siab, tab sis kuj yog pab tub rog ntawm lub peev.
Muaj lwm qhov kev xav tias ntu no - Lanciarii Galliciani Honoriani - yog tus kheej txuas nrog tus huab tais Theodosius I, ib txwm nyob ntawm Spain, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li ib tus tub rog tau piav qhia tom ntej ntawm Theodosius thiab nws cov tub Valentian II thiab Arkady ntawm lub phaj los ntawm Badochos tuav lantiarii ntaub thaiv npog Tej zaum yog vim li cas Lanciarii thiab dhau los ntawm pab tub rog - lub tsev hais plaub ib feem.
Nws yog campiduktor Lanziariev uas tso nws caj dab saw caj dab ntawm Anastasius lub taub hau xyoo 491, thiab nws cov tub rog tsa tus huab tais uas raug xaiv los tiv thaiv. Campiduktor Lanziariev Godila tau ua hauv 518 qhov kev ua koob tsheej zoo ib yam li Escuvite comit Justin.
Campiductor, lossis vicar, raws li Txoj Cai ntawm Mauritius, tus pab pawg thib ob, hauv kev hais lus niaj hnub, tus pab txhawb rau kev sib ntaus thiab xyaum xyaum. Nws txhim kho qhov laum, - sau Vegetius. Cov khoom plig ntawm "cov tub rog" (tagma), yog ntawm lub taub hau ntawm nws cov tub rog, nrog cov kws kho mob thiab ob tus neeg xa xov.
Konstantin Porphyrogenitus sau hais tias thaum lub sijhawm "xaiv tsa" ntawm huab tais, Justin, tawm tsam rau nws tus kheej, kho cov neeg tawm tsam thiab pab pawg ntawm pab tub rog.
Nws nyuaj rau txiav txim siab tias vim li cas nws thiaj li yog campidukor ntawm Lantiarii cov tub rog uas tau tso cai nrog lub luag haujlwm los ua lub koob tsheej ntawm kev tso nws txoj saw kub ntawm tus huab tais lub taub hau, tej zaum qhov kev lig kev cai no tau tshwm sim ua ntej, thaum "kev xaiv tsa" tau ua hauv ib pab tub rog.
Armament ntawm Lanciarii. Peb tsis paub tias Lanciarii tau siv riam phom thiab cuab yeej zoo npaum li cas. Tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog no yog teeb duab ntawm daim ntaub thaiv. Lanciarii iuniores daim qauv tiv thaiv, ua raws lub hnub ci, pom nyob hauv Daim Ntawv Teev Npe Txhua Yam Ncaj Ncees. Nco ntsoov tias cov duab uas tuaj yeem pom hauv "Cov Npe" mus txog tom qab hloov kho thiab tej zaum tau hloov kho, cov ntaub thaiv zoo ib yam, raws li peb tau sau lawm, peb pom ntawm Goths-tus tiv thaiv ntawm Theodosius ntawm lub platter los ntawm Madrid thaum pib ntawm 5 xyoo. Kuj tseem muaj cov duab zoo ib yam ntawm cov av nplaum los ntawm Vinichko Kale ntawm lub xyoo pua 6-7. Cov duab no tau nyob ze rau ntawm daim ntaub thaiv ntawm Palatine Legion Lanciarii cov neeg laus los ntawm "Cov Ntawv Ncaj Ncees" ntawm Thawj Pawg Tub Rog tam sim no.
Cov tub rog tau ua tub rog nrog rab hmuv -tipped hmuv - lancea. Lancea (lancea) lossis lonha (λόγχή) - hmuv, npaj ob qho tib si rau kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab rau ntuav. Yog li ntawd, nws qhov ntev yuav tsis pub tshaj 2 meters. Peb lub taub hau zoo li tus xub xub tau pom ua ke nrog spherical spangenhelms thiab tau khaws cia niaj hnub no hauv Hofburg Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Vienna. Cov kaus mom hlau no hu ua galea lossis kopus (κόρυς; galea).
Cov kev tshawb pom no ua txuj ci tseem ceeb ua ke nrog cov duab mosaic piav qhia ntawm tus tub rog, cov lus piv txwv ntawm lub hlis ntawm lub Plaub Hlis thiab Tsib Hlis, los ntawm Argos, xav tias yog qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 5. Tus tub rog no hnav cov cuab yeej ua rog (thoras) nrog lub hauv siab dav thiab pterygs. Tus tiv thaiv ntawm "pharaoh" los ntawm qhov me me ntawm Syrian Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum ntawm Paris ntawm xyoo pua 6 muaj lub kaus mom hlau zoo ib yam nrog lub puab tsaig.
Ob legions
Txog ob pab tub rog, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov twg hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog ncaj qha, peb tseem tuaj yeem hais lus nkaus xwb.
Ua ntej, nws zoo li kuv tias daim duab ntawm lub hleb ntawm VI xyoo pua. "Keeb Kwm ntawm Yauxej" los ntawm Hermitage ua tim khawv tias muaj ib tus tub rog qub los yog nco txog nws nyob rau lub sijhawm raug tshuaj xyuas.
Yog tias daim duab ntawm pixid qhia txog qhov tseeb, thiab tsis yog kev kos duab zoo, tom qab ntawv qhov no lees paub tias muaj "lwm" qub "Komitat legion nyob rau lub sijhawm no, uas yog Constantini Dafnenses ntawm Tus Xib Hwb ntawm Militum Thrace, raws li" Cov npe ntawm txhua qhov txoj haujlwm hwm ". Hauv kev pom zoo lees paub qhov kev txiav txim siab, qhov tseeb tias tus tub rog nrog daim ntaub thaiv no tau hnav raws li kev hnav khaub ncaws German ntawm xyoo pua 6 hais lus.
Raws li peb paub los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Procopius los ntawm Caesarea, hauv lub nroog Melitenus, muaj zog nyob hauv Justinian, yog nyob rau xyoo VI. kev sib cais ntawm Loos, tejzaum nws txuas nrog kev coj ua nrog XII Legion of Lightning (Legio XII Fulminata). Cov tub rog tau txais los ntawm Julius Caesar, thiab thaum ntxov li 71 tau nyob hauv Meletin, hauv Cappadocia ntawm ciam teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws. Xyoo 174, rau qhov yeej hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv Quads thiab Alemanni ntawm Danube, thaum lub sij hawm xob quaj nrov nrov, cov tub rog hu ua "xob laim nrawm" thiab tau txais lub cim ntawm Jupiter - xob laim.
V Macedonian Legion
Raws li peb tau sau, ntau qhov ntawm cov npe teev thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 5 tuaj yeem muaj txoj sia nyob hauv tebchaws Iziv ntawm lub sijhawm no. Yog li los ntawm daim ntawv papyrus ntawm 550 nws tau paub txog kev faib tawm los ntawm Egyptian Siena. Raws li "Cov npe ntawm txhua qhov kev qhuas" hauv tebchaws Egypt, Pawg Neeg Txwv tsuas muaj ob pab tub rog xwb. Ntawm lawv, raws li koj paub, yog V Macedonian Legion. Ntau yam tau sau txog nws, ob qho tib si hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab ntaub ntawv nrov.
Nws tau hais ua ke nrog "Scythians", tej zaum IV Scythian Legion los ntawm Syria lossis Palatine "Scythian" legion. Nws tuaj yeem kwv yees tau tias yog peb tab tom tham tiag txog cov qub tub rog, tom qab ntawv feem ntau qhov no yog chav palatine, txij li los ntawm Syria, qhov kev ua tsov rog tas li nyob rau lub sijhawm no, lawv tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov tub rog mus rau tim lyiv teb chaws.. Qhov tseeb dua, txhua qhov kev coj noj coj ua, raws li peb tau taw qhia ntau dua ib zaug, tau muab cov chav nyob, thiab lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm tau siv hauv pab tub rog nrawm. Raws li rau lub xeev uas nyob ntsiag to ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, tshwj tsis yog nws cov ciam teb sab qab teb, uas yog, muaj qhov ua xyem xyav tias nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua tsov rog tas mus li ntawm xyoo pua 6, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tso cai zaum hauv lawv cov tub rog lossis pab tub rog, lawv tuaj yeem raug siv ntawm txhua qhov chaw ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm, txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov peev txheej peb tsis muaj.
Kev lees paub ncaj qha ntawm kev muaj sia nyob V Macedonian Legion tseem yog cov duab, ob qho tib si los ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, ib ntawm xyoo pua thib 5. - "Sib ntaus rau Lub Nroog" los ntawm Bode Tsev khaws puav pheej, Berlin, qhov chaw tub rog muaj ntaub thaiv npog, uas ntau tus kws sau ntawv koom nrog V Macedonian Legion, peb muaj cov duab zoo ib yam ntawm daim ntaub thaiv dua los ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, ntawm tus ntxhw pob txha phaj khaws hauv Trier, Lub teb chaws Yelemees. Muaj ib qho teeb meem, lub cim ntawm daim ntaub thaiv ntawm cov paib los ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws tsis sib xws rau lub cim ntawm V Macedonian Legion raws li "Cov npe ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm hwm", hmoov tsis zoo hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, Kuv tsis tau pom dua tawm tswv yim txog qhov teeb meem no.
Lub sijhawm kawg cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov tub rog no tau pom nyob rau xyoo 635, ntu no tau nyob hauv Lebanon, hauv nroog Heliopolis (Baalbek).
Nrog rau kab lus no kuv xaus lub voj voog mob siab rau tus qauv, kev ua tub rog thiab khoom siv ntawm pab tub rog Loos ntawm xyoo pua 6 - xyoo dhau los ntawm kev muaj tub rog Loos. Ntxiv mus, hauv kev tsim cov tub rog, Byzantium yuav taug txoj hauv kev tshiab, txawm li cas los xij, lub siab ntawm cov tub rog Loos yuav nyob ntawm no ib txwm.
