"Cov tub rog Lavxias muab kev tawm tsam zoo, tawm tsam rau lub sijhawm kawg."
Cov cheeb tsam muaj zog ntawm tus ciam teb tshiab tsis tau ntseeg tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv Soviet hauv xyoo 1930s thiab txawm tias xyoo 1941-1945. Thaum Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic, tsis muaj sijhawm lossis khoom siv rau kev tsim cov qauv zoo li no. Lub pob zeb ua ke ntawm Mozhaisk kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv zoo li lub ntsej muag daj ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog loj heev.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm thaj chaw muaj zog ntawm tus ciam teb tshiab tau tsim raws li tus qauv tsim, uas yog kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav ntawm xyoo 1938. Ib qho kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim qauv ntawm caponiers thiab ib nrab-caponiers yog lub tshuab rab phom, uas tau tua los ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub taub hau loj thiab kev siv phom tshuab. Lwm qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab yog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev nkag mus rau lub thawv ntawv nrog lub tshuab rab phom ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub tis tawm ntawm lub nraub qaum nraub qaum (tsis pom ntawm txhua qhov qauv). Qhov no tau muab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm pab pawg ua phem rau ntawm tus qauv los ntawm lub nraub qaum.
Cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm tus ciam teb tshiab tau ua tub rog nrog kev teeb tsa nrog pob npog npog npog ntawm peb hom:
-cov phom loj nrog 76, 2-mm casemate rab phom L-17;
-machine phom nce DOT-4 nrog rab phom 45-mm tiv thaiv lub tank thiab ua ke nrog nws 7, 62-mm hnyav tshuab rab phom DS-39;
-Machine phom teeb tsa NPS-3 nrog 7, 62-mm tshuab rab phom maxim.
Cov qauv pob tau tiv taus flamethrowers thiab muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua tiv thaiv cov mos txwv thiab cov tawg. Kev xyaum tom qab tau lees paub qhov no. NPS-3 thiab DOT-4 tau teeb tsa nyob rau hauv lub qhov hluav taws kub hauv ntej thiab ib nrab-caponiers, thiab 76.2mm L-17-hauv cov phom loj ib nrab-caponiers (APC). Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem ntawm lub nraub qaum, qhov yooj yim dua (hauv kev sib piv nrog kev teeb tsa rau rab phom tshuab hnyav) PZ-39 tau tsim rau 7, 62-mm DT tshuab rab phom (Degtyarev tank).
Cov tub ceev xwm German ntawm rab phom
installation ntawm lub Soviet pillbox. Ntawm phab ntsa
cov cim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yog pom. Duab los ntawm tus sau phau ntawv
Nws tau ntseeg dav tias Soviet URs hauv cov lus qhia ntawm kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg German yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws-npaj txhij. Nws yog ib tug delusion. Qhov tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws los ntawm kev pib ua tsov rog yog kev tiv thaiv ntawm ciam teb ntawm Lithuanian SSR nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes. Lawv kev tsim kho tau pib thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1941 - ua ntej ntawd, tsuas yog kev soj qab xyuas ntawm thaj chaw muaj zog tau ua tiav. Cov thawj coj tub rog Soviet tau paub txog qhov kev ncua ntawm kev pib tsim kho, thiab xyoo 1941 nws tau txiav txim siab los caum qab. Raws li, tawm ntawm 1 billion 181.4 lab rubles faib rau kev tsim kho kev tiv thaiv, 458.9 lab tau npaj rau PribOVO. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, los ntawm Lub Rau Hli 1941, lawv tau kawm tiav 126, 8 lab rubles. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsis muaj cov chaw npaj sib ntaus sib tua hauv Baltic thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Rau Hli 22, txawm hais tias ntau lub kaum ob lub tsev tau ua tiav. Txoj hauv kev ntawm ob pawg tank tau raug thaiv tsuas yog cov thawv tsis muaj phom.
Cov cheeb tsam muaj zog ntawm ZAPOVO thiab KOVO tau nyob hauv txoj haujlwm zoo dua. Brest UR (BLUR) hauv Belarus, sawv ntawm txoj kev ntawm TGr thib ob, muaj 49 qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua uas npaj txhij, Vladimir -Volynsk UR raws li kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb ntawm 1st TGr - 97 cov qauv, Strumilovskiy UR - 84. Rava-Russian UR nrog 84 DOS, hais lus nruj me ntsis, nws tseem thaiv ib qho ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev tawm tsam ntawm 1st TGr.
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm Kiev Cov Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb Hauv Cheeb Tsam yog lawv cov khoom siv nrog lub kaus mom tiv thaiv, uas tau siv dav hauv xyoo ntawd hauv Fab Kis, Finland thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Lub tsev kawm ntawv Soviet ntawm kev tiv thaiv tsis nyiam lub kaus mom hlau. Kev pab rau cov neeg tsim URs hauv KOVO los ntawm qhov kev xav tsis thoob: lawv qhov chaw yog thaj chaw muaj zog ntawm Polish Sarnensky thiab nws lub tsev rau khoom. Lub npog ntsej muag tiv thaiv kev txhim kho kev soj ntsuam los ntawm tus qauv, feem ntau yog rau pem hauv ntej, uas yog, cov yeeb ncuab nce qib.
Antidotes thiab counterattacks
Nws yuav yog qhov yuam kev loj los xav tias Wehrmacht tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los daws cov txheej txheem tas mus li. Ua ntej, nws muaj rab phom loj thiab hnyav heev-los ntawm Czech 305-mm howitzers thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Xaj mus rau tus qauv German tshiab, suav nrog rab phom 600-mm Karl. Qhov kawg tau lig rau kev ua phem rau ntawm Maginot Kab, tab sis tau npaj los tawm tsam ntawm Soviet cov tshuaj ntsiav. Raws li txoj phiaj xwm tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm pawg tub rog 45th thaum Lub Rau Hli 22, cov phom no tau muab tso rau tua hluav taws tsis yog ntawm Brest fortress, tab sis nyob rau ntawm cov thawv tshuaj tshiab uas tau tsim los ntawm BLUR ib sab ntawm nws. Qhov thib ob, Cov neeg paub txog German tau ua phem rau pab tub rog, muaj peev xwm txav los ze rau hauv lub thawv ntim tshuaj nrog flamethrowers thiab foob pob tawg. Thaum kawg, qhov kev paub dhau los ntawm kev sib tw hauv Sab Hnub Poob tau qhia ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv mus sij hawm ntev … 88-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Thaum lub sij hawm cua daj cua dub ntawm Fort Fermont (ntau dua, "ravine", DOS complex) nyob ze Longyon thaum Lub Rau Hli 17, 1940, ob lub 88-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau txhawb nqa 183rd cov tub rog sib faib los ntawm qhov deb ntawm rau kilometers deb tua 160 lub foob pob hauv plaub teev thiab ntaus lub qhov nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm ib 'meter'. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub zog tiv thaiv tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Fab Kis pom tias lub kaus mom tiv thaiv nrog lub tsho tiv thaiv tuab txog 300 hli los ntawm kev tua phom loj ntawm 88-mm rab phom loj txawm li cas los xij sib faib, uas thaum kawg ua rau poob ntawm kev muaj peev xwm sib ntaus ntawm tag nrho cov qauv.
Pillbox ze Rava-Russkaya, puas lawm
xav tias yog 600 mm projectile
Karla. Duab los ntawm tus sau phau ntawv
Cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm thaj chaw muaj zog ntawm tus ciam teb tshiab qhia lawv tus kheej li cas? Qhov tsis txaus, qhov URs tsis tiav hauv Baltics tseem tuaj yeem tawm tsam. Yog li, 504th cov tub rog ntawm 291st kev faib tub rog nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav ntawm Kretingen thiab tau ua phem dua li lwm tus. Ib pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Manstein's 8th TD tau nyam rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav tsis tiav. Nyob rau hauv lem, lub 109th regiment, txuas nrog rau 12 TD, cua daj cua dub ob lub tseem tsis tau npaj txhij ntsiav tshuaj, ntawm uas sab qaum teb ib qho tawv ncauj tiv thaiv. Feem ntau yuav yog cov neeg tsim khoom nyob rau hauv tus neeg ntawm Soviet 148th tus neeg tsav nkoj pab tub rog sawv ntawm qhov tuag ntawm no. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm TGr thib 3, tom qab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Lub Rau Hli 22, kev tiv thaiv tawv ncauj ntawm tus kheej lub pob zeb qhob cij tau sau tseg.
Hauv Belarus, qhov kev faib 256th ntawm XX AK tau sib tsoo nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawv ncauj ntawm Grodno UR. Lub tuam tsev kev tsheb nqaj hlau tau sau tseg: "Hauv cheeb tsam Krasne, cov tub rog tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav rau cov tshuaj ntsiav, thiab hauv cheeb tsam Lipsk nws ntsib kev tawm tsam hnyav." Nyob ze, ze Augustov, kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav ib nrab cuam tshuam qhov kev hla dhau ntawm 162nd Infantry Division - qhov kev ua tiav tau tshwm sim hauv lwm qhov tsuas yog yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 22. Tus thawj coj ntawm pawg tub rog 28th ntawm VIII Corps, hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm txog kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv thaj tsam Sopotskin, tau sau tias: "Hauv thaj chaw muaj zog los ntawm Sopotskino thiab mus rau sab qaum teb … tuav ntawm tus nqi thiab ua nws."
Kev sib ntaus sib tua loj tshaj plaws tau muab rau cov neeg German los ntawm URs KOVO hauv Ukraine. Sijhawm, thawj zaug nkag mus rau kev sib ntaus yog Strumilovsky UR. Los ntawm toj nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm tus Dej Kab, nws tsis pom hla ciam teb thiab dhau los ua qhov tsis txaus siab. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm tus kws tshaj lij German tus tub rog uas tau tsoo lub thawv tshuaj ze rau Sokal tau hais tias: "Vim qhov chaw ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv, uas tsis tau xav txog ua dhau los ua txuj ci heev, muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib pab sib txhawb hluav taws kub ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav, uas tuaj yeem ua rau nyuaj dua qhov nres. Kev tua phom ntawm lub ntsiav tshuaj thiab npog nrog rab phom tua tau ua rau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig vim qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov pob zeb zoo thiab qhov chaw qis ntawm kev npog nrog lub ntsej muag kheej kheej muaj zog. Ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm kev tawm tsam yog raws li hauv qab no: "Txawm hais tias rab phom loj tua phom, ntau tus tub rog nrog lub foob pob hluav taws thiab cov khoom tawg tau tswj kom mus ze rau qhov npog. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias, kev tawg tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. "Kev ua ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm cov txheej txheem kuj tau ua tsaug ntau los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab: "Cov tub rog Lavxias tau tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam zoo, tso cai tsuas yog lawv raug mob, thiab tawm tsam kom txog rau lub sijhawm kawg."
Cov plag tsev tiv thaiv
Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws rau GA "Yug" yog kev tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua ntawm cov ntsiab lus muaj zog ntawm cheeb tsam Vladimir-Volynsky (VVUR). Kev tsim kho lub zog tiv thaiv ntawm no, txawm hais tias cov lus ntawm zaj nkauj nto moo "Peb tsis xav tau ib nti ntawm lwm tus neeg thaj av, tab sis peb yuav tsis tso peb tus kheej daim", dhau los ua lub ntsiab lus, tau ua tiav account ua tub rog expediency. Kev tawm tsam ntawm ciam teb mus rau German-nyob Poland, tsim los ntawm kev khoov ntawm Kab Kab hauv cheeb tsam Ludin, tsis tau nruab rau kev tiv thaiv mus sij hawm ntev. Txoj haujlwm ntawm VVUR cov ntsiab lus txhawb nqa yog nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub taub hau.
Pillbox ntawm Rava-Russia UR nrog qhov tawg tawg
armored hood. Duab los ntawm tus sau phau ntawv
Pawg Tub Ceev Xwm 44th, hla kab, plunged tob rau hauv Soviet thaj chaw, thiab sib tsoo nrog Yanov tiv thaiv chaw ntawm Vladimir-Volynsky UR thaum txog 9.00. Txog thaum yav tsaus ntuj, qhov xwm txheej tsis tau hloov pauv ntau. ZhBD ntawm 1st TGr sau tseg tias "44th Infantry Division tseem tab tom sib ntaus rau cov tshuaj ntsiav ntawm ob sab ntawm Yanov." Cov neeg German tau tswj hwm txhawm rau hla UR tsuas yog thawj ib nrab ntawm hnub nyob rau lub Rau Hli 23. Qhov no ua rau ncua sijhawm qhia txog 14 TD ntawm 1st TGr rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab txawm tias kev hloov pauv ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm cov tub rog German nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia no, kev qhia tsis tau npaj tseg ntawm 13th TD ua ib feem ntawm III AK. Kev tshawb fawb thaj tsam ntawm lub xeev tam sim no ntawm DOS qhia pom ib qho kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj, nws lub foob pob, suav nrog 88-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Hauv daim ntawv txuas ntxiv mus rau 6th Army's ZhBD, piav qhia txog kev paub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv Soviet tiv thaiv, nws tau hais tias: "Cov tshuaj ntsiav, uas twb tau txiav txim siab puas lawm, tom qab ib ntus tau rov ua rau peb lub nraub qaum. Qhov laj thawj yog nyob hauv lawv cov qauv peb zaj dab neeg. Tsis paub txog nws, peb cov tub rog ntseeg tom qab qaug dab peg hauv pem teb tias lawv tau ua puas lub tshuaj ntsiav. Qhov tseeb, cov tub ceev xwm tau thim rov qab rau lub sijhawm hauv qab thiab lawv xav tias cov neeg tawm tsam yuav tawm mus. " Peb plag tsev tseem yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis ob lub tsev tau raug rau cov tshuaj ntsiav nyob ntawm tus ciam teb tshiab ntawm xyoo 1940-1941 kev tsim kho. Qhov no txuas ntxiv qhov tsis kam ntawm Sokalsky thiab Vladimir-Volynsky URs rau ob peb hnub.
Qhov tawv ncauj tshaj plaws tiv thaiv kev ntxeem tau los ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav ntawm Rava-Russia UR. Hauv thaj chaw ua phem ntawm German 262nd Infantry Division, RRUR chav tiv thaiv tau cuam tshuam ib feem ntawm qhov av qhib nruab nrab ntawm txoj kev loj mus rau Rava-Russkaya thiab thaj chaw hav zoov-swampy mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm nws. Nov yog cov neeg German tau tso tseg thawj zaug thiab tom qab ntawd tau rov qab los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm General Mikushev's 41st Rifle Division. Pawg Tub Rog Tub Ceev Xwm 24 ntawm Wehrmacht tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Lyubycha Krulevskaya, nws tsis tau tswj kom ntes tau qhov siab uas muaj zog ntawm Deba. Nws nyob ntawm no tias lub thawv ntim tshuaj tsis tiav "Komsomolets" nyob, uas dhau los ua lus dab neeg ntawm RRUR. Kev sib ntaus sib tua txuas ntxiv mus tau ob peb hnub. Cov phiaj xwm German yuav pib ua phem rau ntawm txoj kev loj mus rau Rava-Russkaya cov neeg tsav tsheb hauv thawj lossis ob hnub ntawm kev ua tsov rog tsis tau muaj lub hom phiaj los ua qhov tseeb.
Tus neeg nyob ze ntawm 24th Infantry Division, 295th Infantry Division, tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm 600-mm Karl mortars. Lawv tau siv los rhuav tshem cov tshuaj ntsiav hauv cheeb tsam Great Dzyal. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev ua tiav tiav nyob rau lub Rau Hli 22. Pawg 295th Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog tau pib ua phem rau RRUR qhov chaw muaj zog, tabsis tsis ua tiav. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm tias Great Dzyal raug coj los ntawm 517th regiment yog hnub tim 23 Lub Rau Hli. Tib hnub ntawd, IV Corps tau tshaj tawm tias Karls tsis xav tau ntxiv thiab tsis ua tiav vim muaj teeb meem kev qhia paub. Raws li qhov paub cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tua ntawm Brest Fortress, nws tuaj yeem xav tias cov mos txwv tau daig hauv cov phom ntawm "riam phom txuj ci tseem ceeb". Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Karlov cov kev ua ze Rava-Russkaya tsis paub, tab sis cov duab los ntawm thaj chaw muaj zog qhia cov tshuaj ntsiav nrog kev puas tsuaj loj heev. Cov no tuaj yeem ua rau tawg ntawm ob qhov kev foob loj thiab 600-mm zoo li.
Ob peb yam tseem ceeb tau ua tawm tsam Soviet cov tshuaj ntsiav. Ua ntej, ntau qhov nyob ntawm qhov nrug ntawm UR txoj haujlwm los ntawm ciam teb. Yog tias cov tub ceev xwm tsa los ntawm lub tswb tswj hwm kom nyob hauv cov qauv, lawv tawm tsam. Cov uas ze rau ciam teb tuaj yeem raug ntes yam tsis muaj kev sib ntaus. Qhov thib ob, kev soj ntsuam periscopes dhau los ua Achilles 'pob taws ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj. Lawv lub taub hau tau tawg los ntawm pab pawg ua phem, roj tau nchuav rau hauv lub thawv tshuaj lossis cov nqi tawg tau qis dua. Qhov tsis muaj kev txau ntawm cov qauv uas tsis tau ua tiav tau tso cai rau cov neeg German siv cov flamethrowers los ntawm cov kav dej ntawm cov xov tooj. Thaum kawg, cov tub ceev xwm ntawm UR feem ntau tawm tsam ib leeg, yam tsis muaj kev sau teb, uas ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm pab pawg ua phem thiab ua puag ncig kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog German.
Feem ntau, nws yuav tsum tau lees paub tias lub peev xwm rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm ciam teb tshiab tsis tau siv tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj thiab ua rau thawj qhov kev puas tsuaj loj rau tus yeeb ncuab.
