75 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1945, Pawg Tub Rog Liab tau pib ua phem rau Sab Silesian. Cov tub rog ntawm 1st Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej raws li cov lus txib ntawm I. S. Konev swb rau German 4 Panzer Army, tau nce mus txog 150 km tob rau hauv tebchaws Yelemes thiab mus txog ntawm Neisse River hauv thaj tsam dav.
Kev hem thawj rau sab laug ntawm 1st Belorussian Pem Hauv Ntej, tsom mus rau Berlin, raug tshem tawm, ib feem ntawm thaj chaw Silesian kev lag luam tau nyob, uas ua rau cov tub rog-kev lag luam muaj zog ntawm Reich. Cov tub rog Soviet tau thaiv lub nroog Glogau thiab Breslau nyob tom qab, qhov uas tag nrho pab tub rog raug thaiv.
Qhov xwm txheej dav dav
Kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Silesia tau pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1945, thaum cov tub rog ntawm 1st Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej (1st UV) raws li cov lus txib ntawm I. S. Konev tau ua haujlwm Sandomierz-Silesian (Lub Ib Hlis 12, Lub Ob Hlis 3, 1945). Txoj haujlwm no yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm loj dua Vistula-Oder ntawm Red Army ("Vistula-Oder operation. Part 2"). Cov tub rog Lavxias tau kov yeej pab tub rog German 4th Tank thiab 17th Army Field (Kielce-Radom pab pawg). Cov tub rog ntawm 1st UV tau tso tawm sab qab teb ntawm Poland, suav nrog Krakow thiab ib feem ntawm Silesia uas yog koom nrog tus Pole. Konev cov tub rog hla Oder hauv ntau qhov chaw, txeeb tau cov choj thiab thaum lub Ob Hlis pib tsim lawv tus kheej ntawm sab xis ntawm tus dej. Cov xwm txheej tau tsim rau kev tshem tawm ntawm Silesia ntxiv, kev tawm tsam ntawm Dresden thiab Berlin.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib ntaus sib tua txuas ntxiv tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb. Ib feem ntawm Pab Pawg Tiv Thaiv Thib Peb ntawm Gordov thiab kev tsim ntawm 4th Panzer Army ntawm Lelyushenko tau ua tiav ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thaiv pawg hauv cheeb tsam Rutzen. Cov tub rog ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Zaum 5 ntawm Zhadov thiab Pawg Tub Rog 21st ntawm Gusev tau tawm tsam hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog Brig. Lub nroog sawv ntawm sab xis ntawm Oder, cov Nazis tig nws mus rau hauv lub zog ruaj khov. Cov tub rog Soviet nyob ntawm tus choj hla mus rau sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb ntawm Brig thiab sim txuas lawv. Thaum kawg, lawv daws qhov teeb meem no, txuas tus choj txuas, thaiv lub nroog thiab coj nws mus. Ib tus choj loj tau tsim. Kuj tseem muaj kev sib ntaus hauv zos, ua tiav qhov seem ntawm cov tub rog German nyob tom qab, nthuav dav thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov choj, thiab lwm yam.
Lub caij no, German cov lus txib hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws tau tsim txoj kab tshiab tiv thaiv, lub hauv paus uas yog lub nroog muaj zog: Breslau, Glogau thiab Liegnitz. Tsis muaj peev txheej thiab sijhawm los ua kom muaj kab tshiab muaj zog tiv thaiv zoo li ntawm Vistula, cov neeg German tau tsom mus rau cov nroog muaj zog nrog ob npaug ntawm kev tiv thaiv (sab nrauv thiab sab hauv), cov ntsiab lus muaj zog. Cov vaj tse cib muaj zog, cov chaw tsheb nqaj hlau, chaw tso khoom, tsev thaiv, cov qub fortresses nruab nrab medieval thiab cov tsev fuabtais, thiab lwm yam tau hloov mus rau hauv cov chaw tiv thaiv, txoj kev tau raug thaiv nrog lub tank tiv thaiv dej, thaiv, thiab mined. Cov chaw tiv thaiv tau nyob ua ke los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm sib cais ua tub rog nrog phom tiv thaiv lub tank, phom tshuab, phom thiab phom phom. Lawv tau sim txuas tag nrho cov tub ceev xwm me nrog kev sib txuas lus, suav nrog hauv av. Cov tub ceev xwm sib txhawb ib leeg. Adolf Hitler yuam kom tiv thaiv lub fortress mus rau tus tub rog zaum kawg. Kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm cov tub rog German tau siab txog thaum kev swb ntau heev. Cov neeg German tau ua tub rog tiag tiag thiab tawm tsam tsis yog vim tias muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev rau txim, tab sis kuj yog cov neeg nyiam ntawm lawv lub tebchaws. Sab hauv lub tebchaws, lawv tau mob siab rau txhua tus uas lawv tuaj yeem ua tau: cov tub ceev xwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, SS pab tub rog, ntau yam kev nyab xeeb, kev cob qhia thiab chav tshwj xeeb, tub rog.
Lub tebchaws German thaum ntawd muaj ntau thaj chaw tsim khoom, tab sis qhov loj tshaj yog Ruhr, Berlin thiab Silesian. Silesia yog lub xeev loj tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj German. Thaj chaw ntawm Silesian thaj chaw tsim khoom, thib ob hauv Tebchaws Yelemees tom qab Ruhr, yog 5-6 txhiab square kilometers, cov pejxeem yog 4.7 lab tus tib neeg. Ntawm no, cov nroog thiab cov nroog tau nyob sib nrug, thaj chaw tau tsim nrog cov qauv vaj tsev thiab cov tsev loj heev, uas nyuaj rau kev ua ntawm kev sib txuas mobile.
Cov neeg German tau mob siab rau cov tub rog loj rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Silesia: kev tsim ntawm 4th Panzer Army, 17th Army, Army Group Heinrici (ib feem ntawm 1st Panzer Army) los ntawm Pab Pawg Pawg Center. Los ntawm huab cua, Hitler cov tub rog tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm 4th Air Fleet. Hauv tag nrho, pab pawg Silesian suav nrog 25 kev sib cais (suav nrog 4 lub tank thiab 2 lub cav), 7 pab pawg sib ntaus, 1 pab tub rog, thiab pab pawg "Breslau". Nws kuj tseem muaj ntau qhov tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb, chav qhia, Volkssturm cov tub rog. Twb tau nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, Hitlerite hais kom hloov lawv mus rau qhov kev qhia no.
Txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm qis Silesian
Kev ua haujlwm tshiab tau dhau los txhim kho Vistula-Oder txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab ib feem ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Red Army ntawm Soviet-German pem hauv ntej. Marshal Ivan Stepanovich Konev rov hais dua:
"Lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau npaj yuav xa los ntawm ob lub choj loj ntawm Oder - sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb ntawm Breslau. Qhov tshwm sim yog ua raws txoj kev ncig ntawm lub nroog uas muaj zog tiv thaiv no, thiab tom qab ntawd, noj lossis tso nws tseg tom qab, peb npaj tsim kev tawm tsam nrog cov pab pawg tseem ceeb ncaj qha rau Berlin."
Thaum xub thawj, Soviet cov lus txib tau npaj los tsim kev tawm tsam hauv Berlin cov lus qhia los ntawm cov choj nyob ntawm Oder. Cov tub rog pem hauv ntej tau xa peb qhov kev tawm tsam: 1) pab pawg muaj zog tshaj plaws, uas suav nrog Tus Saib Xyuas thib 3, 6, 13, 52nd, Peb Cov Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv 3 thiab Tub Rog 4, Tub Rog Tub Rog 25, Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv 7, tau mob siab rau ntawm tus choj hla sab qaum teb ntawm Breslau; 2) pab pawg thib ob tau nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Breslau, ntawm no Tus Saib Xyuas Thib 5 thiab cov tub rog tiam 21 tau mob siab rau, txhawb nqa los ntawm ob lub nkoj tub rog (4th Guards Tank thiab 31st Tank Corps); 3) ntawm sab laug ntawm 1st UV pem hauv ntej, 59th thiab 60th pab tub rog, 1st Guards Cavalry Corps tau xav tias yuav tawm tsam. Tom qab ntawd, 1st Guards Cavalry Corps tau pauv mus rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Los ntawm huab cua, Konev cov tub rog tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm 2nd Air Army. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov tub rog ntawm 1st UV suav txog 980,000 tus neeg, kwv yees li 1300 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom tua tus kheej, txog 2400 lub dav hlau.
Qhov kev txiav txim siab Soviet txiav txim siab pov ob lub tank tub rog (4th Tank Army of Dmitry Lelyushenko, 3rd Guards Tank Army of Pavel Rybalko) mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv thawj lub tebchaws, tsis txhob tos kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias kev tawm tsam pib tsis muaj ncua, kev sib cais phom tau tso ntshav tawm (5 txhiab tus neeg tseem nyob hauv lawv), nkees. Kev tsim cov tank yuav tsum ntxiv dag zog rau thawj zaug tawm tsam, tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv thiab nkag mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm sai.
Sib ntaus
Kev tawm tsam tau pib thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 8, 1945. Kev npaj phom loj yuav tsum tau txo mus rau 50 feeb vim tias tsis muaj mos txwv (kev sib txuas lus tau nthuav dav, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau raug rhuav tshem, cov hauv paus tseem nyob deb tom qab). Hauv cov lus qhia ntawm kev tawm tsam loj hauv cheeb tsam Breslau, kev hais kom ua ntej tau tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo: hauv qhov xub ntawm 2: 1, hauv rab phom loj - ntawm 5: 1, hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam - ntawm 4, 5: 1. Txawm hais tias kev txo qis hauv kev npaj phom loj thiab huab cua tsis zoo, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev ya dav hlau, Kev tiv thaiv German tau nyob rau thawj hnub ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Cov tub rog Soviet tsim qhov sib txawv mus txog 80 km dav thiab mus txog 30-60 km tob. Tab sis yav tom ntej, qhov nrawm ntawm kev tawm tsam tau poob qis. Hauv lub lim tiam tom ntej, kom txog thaum Lub Ob Hlis 15, txoj cai ntawm sab xub ntiag ntawm UV tau tswj kom dhau tsuas yog 60-100 km nrog kev sib ntaus.
Qhov no yog vim muaj ntau tus laj thawj. Cov tub rog Soviet tau nkees, raug kev txom nyem hnyav hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua dhau los, thiab tsis muaj sijhawm rov zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov xub hla tsis ntau tshaj 8-12 km ib hnub. Cov neeg German tau tawm tsam mob siab rau. Hauv nraub qaum, cov tub rog German nyob ib puag ncig tseem nyob, uas tau hloov pauv ib feem ntawm cov rog. Cov Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Thib Peb ntawm Gordov thaiv Glogau (txog 18 txhiab tus tub rog), lub chaw tiv thaiv tsuas yog pib thaum pib lub Plaub Hlis. Thaj chaw tau ntoo, swamps hauv qhov chaw, lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav pib tawg. Qhov no txo qis kev txav chaw, nws muaj peev xwm txav tau tsuas yog nyob ntawm txoj kev.
Cov tub rog ntawm txoj cai tis ntawm lub hauv ntej mus txog tus dej Bober, qhov chaw uas Nazis muaj kab tom qab. Cov tub rog Soviet hla tus dej ntawm qhov kev txav mus, tau tuav tus choj thiab pib nthuav lawv. Lelyushenko cov tub rog tsoo hla mus rau Neisse River. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog 13 tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li cov qauv siv mobile. Cov Nazis tau txiav tawm cov tub rog lub tank los ntawm cov tub rog, thiab tau ob peb hnub nws tau tawm tsam ib puag ncig. Konev tus thawj coj ua ntej yuav tsum tau tawm sai sai rau qhov chaw ntawm Pukhov's 13th Army. Tuaj tawm tsam los ntawm 13th thiab 4th Panzer Armies (nws tig rov qab) qhov thaiv tau tawg. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no tau ua los ntawm Soviet aviation, uas muaj huab cua zoo tshaj. Cov huab cua niaj hnub no tau zoo, thiab cov dav hlau Soviet tau xa ntau lub zog los rau cov yeeb ncuab. Cov Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Thib 3 ntawm Gdova, tawm hauv ib feem ntawm nws cov tub rog rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Glogau, kuj tau mus txog kab ntawm r. Beaver. Yog li, txawm tias muaj qee qhov teeb meem, cov tub rog ntawm txoj cai tis ntawm 1st UV tau ua tiav zoo.
Hauv nruab nrab thiab sab laug tis ntawm xub ntiag, qhov xwm txheej nyuaj dua. Cov Nazis tso kev tawm tsam muaj zog hauv thaj tsam Breslav muaj zog tiv thaiv. Qhov no ncua kev txav mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm pab pawg poob siab thib ob ntawm pem hauv ntej - Pawg Saib Xyuas Thib 5 thiab 21st cov tub rog. 6th Army of Gluzdovsky, uas yuav tsum tau coj Breslau, thawj zaug tsoo los ntawm kev tiv thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd tau faib nws cov rog thiab tau poob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Sab laug ntawm sab xub ntiag, 59th thiab 60th pab tub rog, tsis tuaj yeem tsoo Nazis qhov kev tiv thaiv txhua. Ntawm no peb cov tub rog tau tawm tsam los ntawm kwv yees li sib npaug yeeb ncuab rog. Twb tau nyob rau Lub Ob Hlis 10, Konev raug yuam kom xaj cov tub rog ntawm sab laug kom mus rau qhov kev tiv thaiv. Qhov no ua rau muaj xwm txheej phem nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm pem hauv ntej, ntawm no Soviet cov tub rog yuav tsum ntshai tsam cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam.
Lub caij no, German cov lus txib, sim tiv thaiv kev poob ntawm Breslau, txhawb cov tub rog hauv qhov kev coj ua no. Kev txhawb nqa kev taug kev thiab cov chav sib cais tau mus ntawm no. Tom qab ntawd Lub Plaub Hlis 19 thiab 8th Panzer thiab 254th Cov Kev Sib Tham Hauv Pej Xeem tau raug xa los ntawm lwm cov haujlwm. Cov Nazis niaj hnub tawm tsam Gluzdovsky's 6th Army thiab Zhadov's 5th Guards Army. Peb cov tub rog tau tawm tsam kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam, thiab txuas ntxiv mus nrog kev sib txuas lus, tsoo qhov kev tiv thaiv German thiab cua daj cua dub. Txhawm rau nce lub zog tua hluav taws ntawm cov tub rog uas tau nce qib, Konev tau hloov pauv Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Thib Peb ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws hnyav los ntawm lub hauv ntej cia rau Breslav.
Txhawm rau tsim kev tawm tsam ua ntej, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm thaj tsam Breslav muaj zog. Lub peev ntawm Silesia yuav tsum raug coj mus lossis thaiv kom tsis pub cov tub rog tawm tsam ntxiv rau sab hnub poob. Cov lus txib tau nthuav tawm pem hauv ntej ntawm 52nd pab tub rog ntawm Koroteev, uas ua rau txoj haujlwm ntawm pawg tub rog thib 6 thiab tso ib feem ntawm nws cov tub rog rau kev tawm tsam Breslau. Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv 5 tau txhawb ntxiv nrog Kuznetsov's 31st Tank Corps. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv Nazis los ntawm kev rhuav txoj kev mus rau Breslau nrog lub tshuab tawm sab nraud, Konev tau xa Rybalko's 3rd Guards Tank Army mus rau sab qab teb thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj. Ob lub tank tub rog, uas lub sijhawm no mus txog Bunzlau, tig mus rau sab qab teb.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 13, 1945, lub xov tooj ntawm tes ntawm 6th thiab 5th Guards armies koom ua ke sab hnub poob ntawm Breslau, ncig 80,000 tus tub rog. pawg yeeb ncuab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Rybalko lub tankers tau ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab 19th Panzer Division. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, German cov lus txib tsis tuaj yeem pov cov tub rog tam sim ntawd txhawm rau hla lub nplhaib puag ncig thaum nws tsis muaj zog. Peb cov tub rog tau kaw qhov "cauldron" sai sai, tsis muab sijhawm rau cov neeg German tso nws tawm thiab hla los ntawm lub nroog nws tus kheej. Konev txiav txim siab tias nws tsis yog qhov yuav tsum tau hloov pauv lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv ntej rau kev txiav txim siab ua phem rau Breslau. Lub nroog muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab tau npaj rau txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tsuas yog ib feem ntawm 6th Army ntawm General Vladimir Gluzdovsky tseem nyob ib puag ncig lub nroog. Nws suav nrog 22 thiab 74th cov tub rog phom phom (nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm 6-7 phom sib faib, 1 thaj tsam muaj zog, lub tank hnyav thiab cov tub rog tso tsheb hlau luam, cov phom hnyav hnyav rau hauv pem teb). Zhadov's 5th Guards Army tau raug xa mus rau lub nplhaib sab nrauv ntawm qhov kev ncig ntawm 18 Lub Ob Hlis. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov tub rog ntawm 6th Army nrog cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa tau kwv yees li sib npaug rau Breslau cov tub rog.
Kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm
Yog li, thawj theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm feem ntau ua tiav. Cov neeg German tau swb lawm. German 4th Panzer Army tau swb lawm, nws cov seem tau khiav hla tus dej Bober thiab Neisse. Peb cov tub rog tau ntes ntau lub hauv paus loj ntawm Lower Silesia, suav nrog Bunzlau, Liegnitz, Zorau, thiab lwm yam. Cov tub rog ntawm Glogau thiab Breslau tau nyob ib puag ncig thiab raug kev puas tsuaj.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev ua tiav no tau ua tiav ntawm qhov txwv ntawm kev tawm dag zog lub cev thiab kev coj ncaj ncees thiab cov khoom muaj peev xwm ntawm 1st UV. Cov tub rog tau nkees ntawm kev sib ntaus tsis tu ncua, 4-5 txhiab tus txiv neej tseem nyob hauv kev sib cais. Cov nkoj txav tau poob mus txog ib nrab ntawm lawv lub nkoj (tsis yog tsuas yog kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis tseem hnav thiab rhuav cov cuab yeej, tsis muaj khoom seem). Txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tsis tau rov kho dua thiab pib teeb meem. Cov hauv paus hauv qab poob qis dua tom qab. Cov cai rau kev tso cov mos txwv thiab roj tau raug txo kom tsawg. Kev ya dav hlau tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa hauv av. Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tawg tsoo lub tshav dav hlau uas tsis tau tawg, muaj ob peb lub pob zeb ua ke thiab lawv nyob deb tom qab. Cov Tub Rog Cua yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm los ntawm sab nraub qaum, uas ua rau txo tus naj npawb ntawm sorties. Cov huab cua tsis zoo (thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tag nrho, tsuas yog 4 hnub ya dav hlau).
Cov neeg nyob ze tsis tuaj yeem txhawb qhov kev ua phem ntawm 1st UV. Zhukov cov tub rog tau tawm tsam hnyav nyob rau sab qaum teb, hauv Pomerania. Ntawm kev sib tshuam nrog Konev pem hauv ntej, 1st BF tau hla mus rau qhov kev tiv thaiv. Qhov thib plaub Ukrainian pem hauv ntej tsis ua tiav. Qhov no tau tso cai rau cov neeg German hloov cov tub rog mus rau Silesian cov lus qhia los ntawm lwm cov haujlwm. Konev cov tub rog tsis muaj qhov zoo dua li thaum pib ua haujlwm.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov lus txib hauv ntej txiav txim siab tias kev tawm tsam hauv Berlin cov lus qhia yuav tsum tau ncua. Kev tawm tsam ntxiv hauv Berlin yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis ncaj ncees poob loj. Txog Lub Ob Hlis 16, 1945, txoj kev npaj ua haujlwm tau hloov pauv. Cov pab pawg poob siab tseem ceeb ntawm pem hauv ntej yog mus txog ntawm Neisse River thiab ntes cov choj; nruab nrab - coj Breslau, sab laug - pov cov yeeb ncuab rau hauv cov roob Sudeten. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub nraub qaum, kev sib txuas lus thiab cov khoom siv ib txwm tau rov qab los.
Ntawm sab xis, kev sib ntaus tawv tawv tau tawm tsam hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub nroog Guben, Christianstadt, Zagan, Zorau, qhov chaw ua tub rog ntawm Reich nyob. 4th Panzer Army rov mus txog Neisse, tom qab ntawd yog pab tub rog thib 3 thiab 52 pab tub rog. Qhov no yuam cov neeg German thaum kawg tso tseg r. Beaver thiab thim cov tub rog mus rau Neisse kab tiv thaiv - los ntawm lub qhov ncauj dej mus rau lub nroog Penzig.
Rybalko's 3rd Guards Tank Army tau rov qab mus rau thaj tsam Bunzlau thiab tau tsom mus rau Gorlitz. Ntawm no Rybalko tau ua ntau tus lej tsis raug, ua rau tus yeeb ncuab tsis ntseeg. Cov neeg German tau npaj muaj zog tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam hauv cheeb tsam Lauban. Cov tub rog Soviet lub cev, qaug zog los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua dhau los, thiab nthuav tawm thaum lub Peb Hlis, los nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam yeeb ncuab. Cov Nazis tau mus txog tom qab thiab flank ntawm Soviet 7th thiab ib nrab ntawm 6th Guards Tank Corps thiab tau sim npog peb cov tub rog tank los ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tau hnyav heev. Qee qhov kev sib hais haum thiab txoj haujlwm hloov ob peb zaug. Peb cov lus txib yuav tsum tau txais kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Pab Pawg Tiv Thaiv Thib Peb, kom hloov chaw ntawm 52nd Army rau nws pab. Tsuas yog thaum Lub Ob Hlis 22, pab pawg German poob siab tau swb thiab pov rov qab rau sab qab teb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Rybalko cov tub rog tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb - coj Gorlitz. Tom qab ntawd, kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav hauv Gorlitz thiab Lauban txuas ntxiv. Rybalko cov tub rog tau coj mus rau tom qab kom rov ua tiav.
Txoj haujlwm no tau ua tiav. Cov lus txib ntawm 1st UV pib tsim phiaj xwm rau Upper Silesian kev ua haujlwm, txij li los ntawm kev ua haujlwm qis Silesian, cov kab hauv ntej tau tsim los uas ob tog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai.1st UV tuaj yeem tua cov yeeb ncuab hauv Upper Silesia. Lub Wehrmacht muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev phom sij tua nyob rau sab qab teb tis ntawm Konev pem hauv ntej ntawm Breslau thiab sim rov qab thaj tsam Silesian.
Lub fortress Breslau
Twb tau nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1944, Hitler tshaj tawm Silesian lub nroog lub nroog Breslau (Lavxias Breslavl, Polish Wroclaw) "fortress". Karl Hanke tau raug tsa Gauleiter ntawm lub nroog thiab tus thawj coj ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv. Cov pejxeem ntawm lub nroog ua ntej tsov rog muaj txog 640 txhiab tus tib neeg, thiab thaum ua tsov rog nws tau nce mus txog 1 lab tus tib neeg. Cov neeg nyob hauv nroog sab hnub poob tau khiav tawm mus rau Breslau.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis xyoo 1945, Breslau garrison tau tsim. Pawg 609th Tshwj Xeeb Pabcuam, 6 lub chaw ruaj khov (suav nrog cov phom loj), cais cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog sib cais, cov phom loj thiab cov sib ntaus sib tua tau los ua nws lub ntsiab. Lub fortress Breslau muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua loj uas tau npaj tseg, uas suav nrog Volkssturm (tub rog) cov tub rog, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm tub rog thiab chaw ua haujlwm, cov tswvcuab ntawm National Socialist cov qauv thiab cov koomhaum. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 38 Volkssturm battalions, mus txog 30 txhiab militias. Tag nrho cov tub ceev xwm suav txog 80 txhiab tus neeg. Cov lus txib ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv tub ceev xwm yog Major General Hans von Alphen (txog rau 7 Lub Peb Hlis 1945) thiab General ntawm Infantry Hermann Niehof (kom txog rau thaum 6 lub Tsib Hlis 1945).
Txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm Sandomierz-Silesian ua haujlwm, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Breslau, ntshai tsam thaiv lub nroog, qhov chaw muaj neeg tawg rog coob thiab muaj kev vam meej ntawm Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam, tshaj tawm kev khiav tawm ntawm poj niam thiab menyuam mus rau sab hnub poob, nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Opperu thiab Kant. Qee leej neeg raug tshem tawm ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab txoj kev. Tab sis tsis muaj tsheb thauj mus los txaus. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 21, 1945, Gauleiter Hanke hais kom cov neeg tawg rog taug kev sab hnub poob. Thaum lub sijhawm peb taug kev mus rau sab hnub poob, muaj daus, txoj kev hauv tebchaws tau tawg nrog daus, coob leej neeg tuag, tshwj xeeb yog menyuam yaus. Yog li ntawd, qhov xwm txheej no hu ua "kev tuag tuag".
