Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, muaj kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov nce ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank. Yog li, Asmeskas cov tub rog tau mus ua rog nrog rab phom 37 mm, thiab xaus nws nrog rab phom 76 thiab 90 mm. Qhov nce ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom. Rau kev sib cais ntawm cov tub rog, qhov no tsis tseem ceeb (lawv tsuas yog yuav tsum qhia cov tsheb laij teb muaj zog dua), tab sis hauv cov dav hlau, cov xwm txheej sib txawv.
Cov lus qhia ntawm Arnhem kev ua haujlwm, thaum lub sijhawm uas cov tub rog Askiv tau tawm tsam German tso tsheb hlau luam, tau raug coj los ntawm Asmeskas cov lus txib. Txij li xyoo 1945, Asmeskas kev sib cais hauv huab cua tau txais 90-mm T8 phom tiv thaiv lub tank, uas yog rab phom ntawm 90-mm M1 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, ua ke nrog thim rov qab ntawm 105-mm M2A1 howitzer thiab nqa phom hnyav. Qhov tshwm sim yog rab phom hnyav 3540 kg, haum rau kev tsaws tsaws tsaws tsag los ntawm C-82 "Pekit" lub dav hlau, tab sis teeb meem pib rau hauv av: cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem txav mus rau qhov hnyav li hla kev sib ntaus sib tua. Yuav tsum tau tsheb laij teb, uas txhais tau tias tus lej ya dav hlau ntawm cov tub rog thauj dav hlau xav tau rau kev hloov pauv roj teeb tiv thaiv lub tank (pab tub rog) ob npaug.
Kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem yog kev tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv tus kheej tiv thaiv phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Thawj thawj zaug, cov tswv yim no tau hais tawm thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1948 ntawm lub rooj sib tham hauv Fort Monroe, mob siab rau qhov kev cia siab rau kev txhim kho riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank, thiab nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis ntawm xyoo tom ntej, cov neeg siv khoom nthuav tawm cov txuj ci thiab kev xav tau. Thawj ntawm lawv yog qhov hnyav, uas yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 16,000 phaus (7260 kg) - lub peev xwm nqa ntawm Paekit thiab lub dav hlau hnyav tsaws, uas tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd (tab sis tsis tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam).
Kev txhim kho lub nkoj tua hluav taws hauv lub dav hlau tau tso siab rau Cadillac Motor Car lub tuam txhab, uas yog ib feem ntawm General Motors kev txhawj xeeb. Lub chassis tsim tau raws li cov kev daws teeb meem sim ntawm M76 Otter amphibious tracked transporter. Vim tias qhov dav dav ntawm lub dav hlau thauj khoom hauv lub dav hlau, rab phom tua tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem nruab nrog lub log tsheb, tsis hais txog lub ru tsev - peb yuav tsum kaw peb tus kheej rau rab phom me me. Qhov kawg tau npaj los tiv thaiv cov neeg coob ntawm cov hmoov av thaum raug rho tawm, tab sis tsis yog tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov mos txwv lossis cov phom me.
Tus qauv, ntsuas T101, tau npaj tiav xyoo 1953. Ob xyoos tom qab, lub tsheb tau dhau qhov kev sim ua tub rog ntawm Fort Knox, thiab nws tau lees txais rau hauv kev pabcuam raws li lub npe M56 Phom Tus Kheej Tus Kheej Tiv Thaiv-Tank-"M56 tus kheej tiv thaiv rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank." Lub npe siv dav "Scorpion" tau pom zoo xyoo 1957, lub npe tsis raug cai "Spat" (los ntawm cov ntawv luv SPAT-Self-Propelled Anti-Tank) tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Kev tsim tawm ntawm M56 tau ua tiav txij lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1957 txog rau Lub Rau Hli 1958, nws ntim tau 160 units.
Tsim
Lub phom M56 tus kheej-propelled yog lub tsheb me me uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv uas tau hloov kho rau kev tsaws tsaws tsaws tsag los ntawm C-123 Tus Zov Me Nyuam thiab C-119 Flying Boxcar lub dav hlau (thiab, ntawm chav kawm, los ntawm cov dav hlau thauj tub rog hnyav dua) thiab thauj los ntawm cov dav hlau sab nraud.. Lub cev ntawm lub tsheb yog welded txhuas, cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj plaub tus neeg.
Lub cav-kis tau tus mob nrog rau-lub tog raj kheej tiv thaiv plaub-mob stroke cua txias carburetor cav "Continental" AOI-402-5 nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 165 hp. nrog thiab phau ntawv xa mus "Allison" CD-150-4 (ob lub zog rau pem hauv ntej thiab ib qho rov qab) yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm M56 vaj tsev. Qhov seem ntawm qhov chaw yog nyob ntawm chav sib ntaus, suav nrog chav tswj hwm. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws, rab phom loj 90-mm M54 tau teeb tsa ntawm M88 lub tsheb nqa phom. Sab laug ntawm rab phom yog tus neeg tsav tsheb ua haujlwm (rau nws, rab phom npog muaj lub qhov rais ci nrog lub qhov cua tshuab cua), mus rau sab xis yog rab phom lub rooj zaum. Tus thawj coj yog nyob tom qab tus neeg tsav tsheb, lub loader yog tom qab tus phom. Nyob tom qab ntawm lub tsheb muaj cov phom mos txwv rau 29 kev sib sau ua ke. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim ntawm lub loader, muaj cov kauj ruam folding tom qab cov mos txwv khib.
Lub chassis ntawm rab phom tua tus kheej muaj (sib piv rau ib sab) ntawm plaub txoj kev log ntawm txoj kab uas hla loj nrog lub tog raj kheej raug tshem tawm, nruab nrog lub log tsheb pneumatic. Cov log tsheb muaj cov ntawv tshwj xeeb uas tso cai, thaum muaj kev tawg, taug kev mus txog 24 km (15 mais) ntawm kev nrawm mus txog 24 km / h. Lub log tsav yog pem hauv ntej. Kab ntsig yog roj hmab-hlau, dav 510 hli. Txhua txoj hauv kev muaj ob txoj siv ua los ntawm cov ntaub qhwv roj hmab thiab txhawb ntxiv nrog cov hlau hlau. Cov menyuam siv sib txuas ua ke los ntawm cov thwj cim hlau hla nrog cov cushions roj hmab. Qhov av siab ntawm "Scorpion" tsuas yog 0.29 kg / cm2 (rau kev sib piv: rau M47 thiab M48 tso tsheb hlau luam daim duab no yog 1.03 thiab 0.79 kg / cm2, feem), uas ua kom muaj kev hla tebchaws zoo hauv kev muaj peev xwm ntawm lub tsheb.
Nruab rau ntawm "Scorpion" rab phom 90 -mm M54 (chim ntev - 50 calibers) tau tsim los ntawm M36 rab phom siv ntawm M47 tso tsheb hlau luam. Piv rau tus qauv, nws yog qhov hnyav dua 95 kg. Qhov ntau ntawm cov lus qhia kaum nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau ntsug yog los ntawm −10 ° txog + 15 °, hauv kab rov tav dav hlau - 30 ° mus rau sab xis thiab sab laug. Cov phom ntawm rab phom yog monoblock nrog lub hau ntswj ntswj thiab ib ntu ntu ntu nres nres. Lub kaw lus yog cov nplais, ib nrab tsis siv neeg, ntsug. Ob lub thooj voos kheej kheej ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab tau teeb tsa rau saum toj ntawm rab phom ntawm rab phom. Cov txheej txheem phom qhia muaj phau ntawv tsav, phau ntawv thauj khoom. Cov phom tau nruab nrog lub tsom iav pom M186 nrog kev nthuav dav sib txawv (4-8x).
Kev siv cov mos txwv yog dav txaus thiab suav nrog txhua hom kev sib sau ua ke rau phom phom M36 thiab M41; nws tseem raug tso cai siv 90-mm cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm lub tuam txhab German "Rheinmetall". Rau kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov tso tsheb hlau luam - tuaj yeem siv tau: cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej siv phom sij M82 nrog rab phom -tho qhov taub thiab foob pob tawg; armor-piercing tracer shells M318 (T33E7), M318A1 thiab M318A1С yam tsis tau them nqi tawg; subcaliber armor-piercing tracer shells M304, M332 thiab M332A1; qhov sib sib zog nqus tsis tig (feathered) zoo li M348 (T108E40), M348A1 (T108E46) thiab M431 (T300E5). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov phom tua tus kheej tuaj yeem tua M71 lub foob pob tawg tawg tawg tawg, lub M91 tawg-tawg, lub M336 canister, lub M377 tawg (nrog cov duab zoo li lub ntsej muag).
Lub tsheb tau nruab nrog AN / VRC-10 VHF xov tooj cua chaw nres tsheb, uas tau tswj hwm los ntawm tus thawj coj. Txoj kev saib xyuas hmo ntuj tsuas yog sawv cev los ntawm lub kaus mom hlau uas pom kev pom hmo ntuj ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb.
Los ntawm M56, ob qhov kev paub txog rab phom uas tau siv tus kheej tau tsim. Xyoo 1958, rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank tau sim ntawm Fort Benning, uas tsis siv rab phom 90-mm, 106, 7-mm M40 recoilless recoilless mechanism tau teeb tsa-ib lub jeep niaj hnub tuaj yeem yooj yim tiv nrog kev thauj mus los ntawm xws li riam phom, yog li nws tsis tau txais los ua haujlwm. Lwm rab phom uas siv rau tus kheej, tseem tsis suav nrog hauv koob, tau ua nrog 106, 7-mm M30 cug. Ntawm daim ntawv, kuj tseem muaj kev xaiv rau rov nruab M56 nrog SS-10 thiab Entak tiv thaiv lub tank ua cov cuaj luaj.
Kev siv thiab kev sib ntaus
Raws li cov phiaj xwm pib, txhua ntawm peb qhov kev sib cais hauv Asmeskas (11, 82nd thiab 101st) tau txais ib pab tub rog ntawm "Scorpions" (53 lub tsheb hauv txhua). Tab sis kev saws me nyuam ntawm M56 rau hauv kev pabcuam cuam tshuam nrog kev rov txhim kho cov tub rog thiab kev sib cais hauv huab cua - hloov lawv los ntawm ib txwm "ternary" mus rau "pentomic" qauv. Tam sim no qhov kev faib tsis suav nrog peb pawg, tab sis tsib pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua - qhov tseeb, txhawb pab tub rog (tub rog). Raws li qhov tshwm sim, "Scorpions" nkag rau hauv kev pabcuam nrog tiv thaiv lub tank platoons uas yog ib feem ntawm cov tuam txhab hais kom ua ntawm pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua hauv huab cua (VDBG). Cov tub rog no suav nrog kev tswj hwm (tus thawj coj hauv pawg tub rog), nws tus lwm thawj (tub ceev xwm) thiab tus neeg siv xov tooj cua nrog lub jeep nruab nrog AN / VRC-18 xov tooj cua chaw nres tsheb) thiab 3 ntu tua hluav taws (txhua tus nrog 8 tus neeg thiab 2 tus kheej kheej M56 rab phom tua tus kheej). Yog li, cov tub rog suav nrog 27 tus neeg ua haujlwm, 6 Scorpions thiab 1 jeep.
Hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1958, Scorpion platoons tau tsim hauv kaum tsib pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua hauv huab cua - tsib hauv txhua qhov kev faib. Txawm li cas los xij, twb tau nyob rau Lub Xya Hli 1958, Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog thib 11 tau raug tshem tawm - ob ntawm Tub Rog Tub Rog los ntawm nws qhov kev sib xyaw, nrog rau M56 li niaj zaus, tau raug xa mus rau 24th Infantry Division, tab sis thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1959 lawv tau hloov mus rau kev tswj hwm ntawm 82nd Airborne Division. Cov tom kawg tau pauv ob qho ntawm nws VDBGs mus rau ntu 8 Infantry Division. Thaum kawg, thaum Lub Rau Hli 1960, ib pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm 82nd Airborne Division tau raug xa mus rau Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog 25, thiab ib ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog, raug tshem tawm xyoo 1958, tau rov qab los ntxiv rau 82nd Division. Tus naj npawb ntawm Scorpions, uas tau dhau los ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg rau pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua hauv huab cua, tau nkag mus rau pab tub rog sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Pab Pawg Tub Rog thib 1 hauv tebchaws Yelemes, thiab 1st Cavalry thiab 7th Infantry Division hauv Koom pheej Kauslim.
Xyoo 1961, tus qauv "pentomical" tau tshaj tawm tias tsis muaj peev xwm thiab tsis tsim nyog rau kev ua tsov rog hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm nuclear, thiab Asmeskas Cov Tub Rog tau pib tsim kho dua tshiab. Raws li nws, kev faib dav hlau suav nrog peb lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm hauv pawg tub rog thiab cuaj pawg tub rog, nrog rau cov pab txhawb nqa, suav nrog cov tub rog ntaus rog. Nws tau kwv yees tias nws yuav tau txais M551 Sheridan cov tub rog tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab, tab sis raws li kev ntsuas ib ntus (ua ntej Sheridans nkag mus rau hauv kev pabcuam), cov tub rog ntawm lub 82nd thiab 101st Airborne Forces tau hloov pauv xyoo 1964 mus rau 47 Scorpions - tsheb, tsis yog tso tsheb hlau luam nkaus xwb., tab sis kuj tsis muaj cov cuab yeej ua rog. Tsis muaj nyiaj tau faib rau kev saib xyuas cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsheb no, yog li kom txog thaum tau txais los ntawm Sheridans, cov tub rog no tseem nyob "virtual".
Lub tuam txhab D ntawm 16th Tank Regiment (D-16), uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1963 raws li ib feem ntawm 173rd Separate Airborne Brigade (VDBr) xa mus rau cov kob ntawm Okinawa, dhau los ua cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nkaus xwb uas ua haujlwm thiab tawm tsam ntawm Scorpions. Lub tuam txhab suav nrog plaub platoons ntawm plaub M56, ntu kev tswj hwm (plaub M113 cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv cov tub rog) thiab ntu phom (peb 106, 7-mm tus kheej-propelled mortars M106 ntawm M113 chassis).
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1965, 173rd Airborne Brigade tau xa mus rau Nyab Laj. Thaum ua tsov rog hauv hav zoov, qhov ua tau zoo thiab tsis muaj zog ntawm M56 tau qhia meej. Ntawm qhov one tes, rab phom tua tus kheej lub peev txheej zoo ua rau nws txav tau mus ib puag ncig "tank-nkag tsis tau", ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj ob peb lub hom phiaj tsim nyog rau rab phom 90-mm. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm "Scorpions" yog kev txhawb nqa ncaj qha ntawm cov tub rog hauv lub dav hlau thiab cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm ntawm ko taw, thiab ntawm no qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws ntawm M56 yog qhov mob hnyav - ua tsis tiav ntawm kev xaj. Qhov poob uas ua rau lub siab ntev ntawm cov paratroopers yog cov xwm txheej ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 4, 1968, thaum lub tuam txhab poob 8 tus neeg hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tom qab ntawd, "tankers" los ntawm D-16 hloov lawv M56 mus rau ntau yam ntxiv thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua M113 cov neeg ua haujlwm hnav.
Tom qab Asmeskas cov tub rog raug tshem tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, qee qhov M56 phom tua tus kheej tau mus rau tom chaw khaws khoom, qee qhov raug xa mus rau cov phoojywg. Spain tau txais tsib lub tsheb nyob rau xyoo 1965 - txog rau xyoo 1970 lawv tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tank ntawm Marine Corps cov tub rog. Neighboring Morocco hauv 1966-1967 tau muab 87 "Scorpions". Raws li Janes World Armies phau ntawv teev npe, xyoo 2010 cov tub rog Moroccan muaj 28 M56 rab phom tua tus kheej hauv kev khaws cia.
Xyoo 1960, ob daim qauv ntawm T101, hloov kho rau M56 tus qauv txheej txheem, tau xa mus rau FRG. Cov neeg German tsis raug ntxias los ntawm lub tsheb tsis muaj tub rog thiab tsis lees txais nws los ua haujlwm. Tom qab kev sim luv, ob daim ntawv tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv kev qhia tsheb rau kev qhia paub txog kev tsav tsheb, tshem cov phom loj thiab teeb tsa lub tsev glazed.
Ib tug xov tooj ntawm decommissioned M56s tau txais los ntawm Asmeskas lub nkoj. Cov tsheb tau hloov pauv mus rau QM-56 lub hom phiaj tswj hwm xov tooj cua thiab xyoo 1966-1970 tau siv ntawm Fallon, Warren Grove thiab Cherry Point qhov chaw qhia rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev sim dav hlau tua dav hlau thiab foob pob.
Cov qhab nia tag nrho
M56 rab phom nws tus kheej tau txav mus los zoo thiab muaj riam phom muaj zog rau nws lub sijhawm. Cov phom ntau ntawm nws rab phom 90-mm tuaj yeem tso siab tau rau txhua lub tank Soviet thaum thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1960. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, rab phom loj muaj zog heev rau xya-tuj chassis, cov menyuam pem hauv ntej uas thaum raug rho tawm, tau raug tshem tawm hauv av. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov tsis muaj qhov tshwj tseg tau tso cai siv rab phom tua tus kheej tiv thaiv lub tank tsuas yog hauv kev tiv thaiv (los ntawm kev zais), ua rau "Scorpion" tsis tsim nyog rau kev txhawb nqa lub zog tsaws hauv kev ua phem.
Muab piv rau nws cov phoojywg Soviet - rab phom tua tus kheej lub zog ASU -57 - M56 hnyav dua li ob npaug (7, 14 tons piv rau 3.35 tons). Ib qho ntxiv, ASU-57 muaj kev cog lus ntau dua li nws cov neeg ua haujlwm (nws qhov siab tsuas yog 1.46 m piv rau 2 m) thiab, tsis zoo li Scorpion, nws muaj pem hauv ntej thiab sab tiv thaiv armoring-txawm li cas los xij, nws cov tuab (4-6 mm) yog luv luv tseem tsis tau muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov mos txwv 7.62 mm. Raws li rau riam phom, qhov zoo tshaj ntawm M56 tau dhau los: lub zog qhov ncauj ntawm nws 90-mm M54 rab phom yog 4.57 MJ, thiab 57-mm Ch-51 rab phom tau teeb tsa ntawm ASU-57 tsuas yog 1.46 MJ. Hais txog qhov tsis muaj kev txav mus los (nrawm thiab lub zog khaws cia), ob rab phom uas siv tus kheej tau kwv yees kwv yees sib npaug.
